{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:04:13Z","timestamp":1778569453831,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n Context:<\/jats:title>\n Insulin resistance is associated with altered vascular function in diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n The objective of the study was to define the overall and regional aortic function as well as the changes of aortic function over time in nondiabetic individuals with insulin resistance and a normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis with 12 months follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:title>\n The setting of the study was in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients:<\/jats:title>\n Nondiabetic individuals (n = 181, mean age 42 \u00b1 8 y) with a normal OGTT and insulin resistance as defined by the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) participated in the study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n ISI was estimated from serial measurements of plasma insulin and glucose during an iv glucose tolerance test. Ascending and abdominal aortic distensibility (AoD) and stiffness index-\u03b2 (AoSI) were assessed using echocardiography. Carotid-to-femoral artery pulse wave velocity (PWVc-f; an index of overall aortic function) was measured from carotid and femoral arteries Doppler flow velocities recorded simultaneously with an electrocardiogram. Associations between ISI, AoD, AoSI, and PWVc-f were assessed using linear regression analyses and ANOVA. Differences between baseline and 12 months were compared using a paired t test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n AoD and AoSI associations as well as changes over a 12-month period in relation to ISI were measured.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Ascending AoD (P = .01) and ascending AoSI (P = .025) were significantly associated with ISI; in contrast, abdominal AoD and AoSI and PWVc-f did not. Changes in AoD, AoSI, and PWVc-f over time were more prominent in individuals with low ISI compared with those with high ISI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The significant associations between ISI and aortic function suggest that insulin resistance may affect the cardiovascular system, even when OGTT is normal.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,25]],"date-time":"2013-09-25T09:37:34Z","timestamp":1380101854000},"page":"4457-4463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Regional and Overall Aortic Function In Nondiabetic Individuals With Insulin Resistance and Normal Glucose Tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios A.","family":"Stakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (D.A.S.), Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos D.","family":"Boudoulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.D.B., H.B.), Columbus, Ohio 43210"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trudy R.","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.R.G., K.O., D.P.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Columbus, Ohio 43210"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dara P.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.R.G., K.O., D.P.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Columbus, Ohio 43210"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwame","family":"Osei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.R.G., K.O., D.P.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Columbus, Ohio 43210"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harisios","family":"Boudoulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.D.B., H.B.), Columbus, Ohio 43210"},{"name":"Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki (H.B.), Thessaloniki 54621, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071616445010800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60987-8","article-title":"Diabetes and hypertension: the bad companions","volume":"380","author":"Ferrannini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000033824.02722.F7","article-title":"Aortic pulse-wave velocity and its relationship to mortality in diabetes and glucose intolerance: an integrated index of vascular function?","volume":"106","author":"Cruickshank","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b14356","volume-title":"The Aorta: Structure, Function, Dysfunction and Diseases","author":"Boudoulas","year":"2008"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908103210601","article-title":"Early metabolic defects in persons at increased risk for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"321","author":"Eriksson","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312303292703","article-title":"Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: prospective study of Pima Indians","volume":"329","author":"Lillioja","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1439","article-title":"Impaired insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness predict future development of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in pre-diabetic African-Americans: implications for primary diabetes prevention","volume":"27","author":"Osei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.14.10.890","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and body fat distribution pattern in nondiabetic offspring of patients with NIDDM","volume":"14","author":"Osei","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198811173192001","article-title":"Increased insulin concentrations in nondiabetic offspring of diabetic parents","volume":"319","author":"Haffner","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1594","article-title":"Significance of parental history of type 2 diabetes on insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in obese nondiabetic offspring of African-American patients","volume":"22","author":"Osei","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0121","article-title":"Association between glycosylated hemoglobin, left ventricular mass and aortic function in nondiabetic individuals with insulin resistance","volume":"157","author":"Stakos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071616445010800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118709","article-title":"Obesity\/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Implications for the syndrome of insulin resistance","volume":"97","author":"Steinberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0502.103333","article-title":"Insulin causes endothelial dysfunction in humans: sites and mechanisms","volume":"105","author":"Arcaro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051356","article-title":"Variables of the insulin resistance syndrome are associated with reduced arterial distensibility in healthy non-diabetic middle-aged women","volume":"43","author":"van Popele","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.32.3.482","article-title":"Insulin-mediated growth in aortic smooth muscle and the vascular renin-angiotensin system","volume":"32","author":"Kamide","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051249","article-title":"Hyperglycaemia is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Hoorn population: the Hoorn Study","volume":"42","author":"de Vegt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065222.34933.FC","article-title":"Hoorn Study. Arterial stiffness increases with deteriorating glucose tolerance status: the Hoorn Study","volume":"107","author":"Henry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.027722","article-title":"Long term cardiovascular effects of oral antidiabetic agents in non-diabetic patients with insulin resistance: double blind, prospective, randomized study","volume":"91","author":"Stakos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00349.x","article-title":"Ethnic differences in secretion, sensitivity, and hepatic extraction of insulin in black and white Americans","volume":"11","author":"Osei","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000336147","article-title":"Aortic function: from the research laboratory to the clinic","volume":"121","author":"Boudoulas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(10)80218-9","article-title":"The Marfan syndrome: abnormal aortic elastic properties","volume":"18","author":"Hirata","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2010.2","article-title":"Associations between collagen synthesis and degradation and aortic function in arterial hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Stakos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112886","article-title":"Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and euglycaemic glucose clamp","volume":"79","author":"Bergman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1161\/hy0102.099031","article-title":"Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in hypertensive patients: a longitudinal study","volume":"39","author":"Boutouyrie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)90022-2","article-title":"Vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus","volume":"350","author":"Feener","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200301000-00002","article-title":"Cross-linking of glycated collagen in the pathogenesis of arterial and myocardial stiffening of aging and diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Aronson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.5.1432","article-title":"Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are associated with arterial stiffness indexes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"91","author":"Salomaa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H845","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00134.2005","article-title":"Increased aortic stiffness in the insulin-resistant Zucker fa\/fa rat","volume":"289","author":"Sista","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5971","article-title":"Characterization of selective resistance to insulin signaling in the vasculature of obese Zucker (fa\/fa) rats","volume":"104","author":"Jiang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.63.988","article-title":"Alteration in aortic wall stiffness and accumulation of collagen during the prediabetic stage of type II diabetes mellitus in rats","volume":"63","author":"Noma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602083340607","article-title":"Hypertension and associated metabolic abnormalities\u2014the role of insulin resistance and the sympathoadrenal system","volume":"334","author":"Reaven","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.10.2669","article-title":"Effect of vasa vasorum flow on structure and function of the aorta in experimental animals","volume":"91","author":"Stefanadis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/27.6.951","article-title":"Medial necrosis and acute alterations in aortic distensibility following removal of the vasa vasorum of canine ascending aorta","volume":"27","author":"Stefanadis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B33","first-page":"145","article-title":"Segmental differences of aortic function and composition: clinical implications","volume":"49","author":"Sokolis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"2020071616445010800_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.07.054","article-title":"Arterial wave reflections and incident cardiovascular events and heart failure: MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)","volume":"60","author":"Chirinos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/98\/11\/4457\/10782233\/jcem4457.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/98\/11\/4457\/10782233\/jcem4457.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T03:24:51Z","timestamp":1594956291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/98\/11\/4457\/2834863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-2276","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]}}}