{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T21:03:52Z","timestamp":1781730232049,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T05:03:51Z","timestamp":1385442231000},"page":"570-578","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Thyrotropin Secretion in Healthy Subjects Is Robust and Independent of Age and Gender, and Only Weakly Dependent on Body Mass Index"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Roelfsema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (F.R., H.P., P.K., N.R.B., A.M.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanno","family":"Pijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (F.R., H.P., P.K., N.R.B., A.M.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (F.R., H.P., P.K., N.R.B., A.M.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Endert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology (E.E., E.F.), Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Fliers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology (E.E., E.F.), Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke R.","family":"Biermasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (F.R., H.P., P.K., N.R.B., A.M.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (F.R., H.P., P.K., N.R.B., A.M.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes D.","family":"Veldhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Research Unit (J.D.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-11-2-354","article-title":"Thyroid-stimulating hormone: biosynthesis, cell biology, and bioactivity","volume":"11","author":"Magner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3109\/08977199009071497","article-title":"Interaction of TSH, insulin and insulin-like growth factors in regulating thyroid growth and function","volume":"2","author":"Eggo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B3","article-title":"Physiology of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroidal system","author":"Marriotti","journal-title":"Thyroid disease manager"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B4","first-page":"2012","article-title":"Thyrotropin Secretion Patterns in Health and Disease","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0005","article-title":"Motivations and methods for analyzing pulsatile hormone secretion","volume":"29","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1215","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90800.2008","article-title":"Age-dependent regression analysis of male gonadal axis","volume":"297","author":"Keenan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3964","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1155","article-title":"Thyrotropin secretion profiles are not different in men and women","volume":"94","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4045","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1143","article-title":"Basal, pulsatile, entropic (patterned), and spiky (staccato-like) properties of ACTH secretion: impact of age, gender, and body mass index","volume":"94","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1669","article-title":"Gender, age, body mass index, and IGF-I individually and jointly determine distinct GH dynamics: analyses in one hundred healthy adults","volume":"96","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2005.017","article-title":"Reference intervals for serum thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in adults using the Access Immunoassay System","volume":"43","author":"d'Herbomez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.167940","article-title":"Stimulation of orexin\/hypocretin neurones by thyrotropin-releasing hormone","volume":"587","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182","article-title":"Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)","volume":"87","author":"Hollowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.047399","article-title":"New reference intervals for thyrotropin and thyroid hormones based on National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry criteria and regular ultrasonography of the thyroid","volume":"51","author":"Kratzsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000212690","article-title":"24-Hour thyroid-stimulating hormone secretory pattern in elderly men","volume":"31","author":"Barreca","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B15","first-page":"E486","article-title":"Age-related alterations in pulsatile secretion of TSH: role of dopaminergic regulation","volume":"260","author":"Greenspan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-69-1-177","article-title":"Decreased basal and stimulated thyrotropin secretion in healthy elderly men","volume":"69","author":"van Coevorden","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6185","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0003","article-title":"Spontaneous diurnal thyrotropin secretion is enhanced in proportion to circulating leptin in obese premenopausal women","volume":"90","author":"Kok","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03836.x","article-title":"Altered thyrotropic and lactotropic axes regulation in Huntington's disease","volume":"73","author":"Aziz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2011.02134.x","article-title":"Diurnal secretion profiles of growth hormone, thyrotrophin and prolactin in Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Aziz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0913","article-title":"Sodium oxybate increases prolactin secretion in narcolepsy patients and healthy controls","volume":"164","author":"Donjacour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2303","article-title":"Bromocriptine reduces augmented thyrotropin secretion in obese premenopausal women","volume":"94","author":"Kok","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E892","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00327.2004","article-title":"Altered setting of the pituitary-thyroid ensemble in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic men","volume":"288","author":"Kok","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02757.x","article-title":"Attenuated pulse size, disorderly growth hormone and prolactin secretion with preserved nycthemeral rhythm distinguish irradiated from surgically treated acromegaly patients","volume":"66","author":"van der Klaauw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.4.7382","article-title":"Basal, pulsatile, entropic, and 24-hour rhythmic features of secondary hyperprolactinemia due to functional pituitary stalk disconnection mimic tumoral (primary) hyperprolactinemia","volume":"86","author":"Veldman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E538","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00071.2009","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of pulse detection using a new deconvolution method","volume":"297","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.6.2297","article-title":"Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity","volume":"88","author":"Pincus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(00)21192-0","article-title":"Irregularity and asynchrony in biologic network signals","volume":"321","author":"Pincus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2007.01.001","article-title":"Differentiation of women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, recurrent brief depression, and healthy controls by daily mood rating dynamics","volume":"42","author":"Pincus","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1979.10481038","article-title":"LOWESS: a program for smoothing scatterplots by robust locally weighted regression","volume":"74","author":"Cleveland","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Statistician"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31305","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031305","article-title":"Prolactin secretion in healthy adults is determined by gender, age and body mass index","volume":"7","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0084","article-title":"Tripartite control of dynamic ACTH-cortisol dose responsiveness by age, body mass index, and gender in 111 healthy adults","volume":"96","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2004.136","article-title":"Establishment of a serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) reference interval in healthy adults. The importance of environmental factors, including thyroid antibodies","volume":"42","author":"Jensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0920","article-title":"High circulating thyrotropin levels in obese women are reduced after body weight loss induced by caloric restriction","volume":"90","author":"Kok","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0261","article-title":"Association between serum TSH concentration within the normal range and adiposity","volume":"165","author":"de Moura Souza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04009.x","article-title":"Serum TSH related to measures of body mass: longitudinal data from the HUNT Study, Norway","volume":"74","author":"Svare","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-3-661","article-title":"Pulsatile secretion of thyrotropin in man","volume":"63","author":"Greenspan","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2002.028","article-title":"Reference intervals for thyroid hormones on the architect analyser","volume":"40","author":"Hubl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0092","article-title":"An approach for development of age-, gender-, and ethnicity-specific thyrotropin reference limits","volume":"21","author":"Boucai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4575","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1499","article-title":"Age-specific distribution of serum thyrotropin and antithyroid antibodies in the US population: implications for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism","volume":"92","author":"Surks","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3191","article-title":"Age- and gender-specific TSH reference intervals in people with no obvious thyroid disease in Tayside, Scotland: the Thyroid Epidemiology, Audit, and Research Study (TEARS)","volume":"98","author":"Vadiveloo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.09.005","article-title":"The aging male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: pulsatility and feedback","volume":"299","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-007-0045-7","article-title":"Acromegaly caused by growth hormone-releasing hormone-producing tumors: long-term observational studies in three patients","volume":"10","author":"Biermasz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B43","first-page":"2140","article-title":"Tripartite neuroendocrine activation of the human growth hormone (GH) axis in women by continuous 24-hour GH-releasing peptide infusion: pulsatile, entropic, and nycthemeral mechanisms","volume":"84","author":"Shah","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4052","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1145","article-title":"Thyrotropin secretion by thyrotropinomas is characterized by increased pulse frequency, delayed diurnal rhythm, enhanced basal secretion, spikiness, and disorderliness","volume":"93","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1959","article-title":"Thyrotropin secretion in mild and severe primary hypothyroidism is distinguished by amplified burst mass and basal secretion with increased spikiness and approximate entropy","volume":"95","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B46","first-page":"2468","article-title":"Effects of gender and age on the levels and circadian rhythmicity of plasma cortisol","volume":"81","author":"Van Cauter","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B47","first-page":"E651","article-title":"Neuroendocrine rhythms and sleep in aging men","volume":"260","author":"van Coevorden","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000184232","article-title":"Effects of ageing on modulation of hormonal secretions by sleep and circadian rhythmicity","volume":"43","author":"Copinschi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B49","first-page":"320","article-title":"Chrono-neuroendocrine markers of the aging brain","volume":"8","author":"Ferrari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-100101047","article-title":"The human circadian clock and aging","volume":"17","author":"Hofman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B51","first-page":"464","article-title":"Circadian rhythms regulate the expression of the thrifty genotype\/phenotype","volume":"4","author":"Meier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.05.016","article-title":"A mathematical model of pituitary\u2013thyroid interaction to provide an insight into the nature of the thyrotropin\u2013thyroid hormone relationship","volume":"248","author":"Leow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-2-453","article-title":"Applications of a new chemiluminometric thyrotropin assay to subnormal measurement","volume":"70","author":"Spencer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2011-200433rep","article-title":"The relationship between serum TSH and free T4 in older people","volume":"88","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0106","article-title":"Complex relationship between free thyroxine and TSH in the regulation of thyroid function","volume":"162","author":"Hoermann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0655","article-title":"Pilot study on the assessment of the setpoint of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in healthy volunteers","volume":"162","author":"Benhadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113305048200_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1360180","article-title":"Thyroid volume and urinary iodine in European schoolchildren: standardization of values for assessment of iodine deficiency","volume":"136","author":"Delange","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/99\/2\/570\/9046273\/jcem0570.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T11:07:36Z","timestamp":1716203256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/99\/2\/570\/2536969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-2858","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]}}}