{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:49:19Z","timestamp":1783698559221,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Puberty is a crucial period of dramatic hormonal changes, accelerated growth, attainment of reproductive capacity, and acquisition of peak bone mass. Participation in recreational physical activity is widely acknowledged to provide significant health benefits in this period. Conversely, intense training imposes several constraints, such as training stress and maintenance of very low body fat to maximize performance. Adolescent female athletes are therefore at risk of overtraining and\/or poor dietary intake, which may have several consequences for endocrine function. The \u201cadaptive\u201d changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, -adrenal, and somatotropic axes and the secretory role of the adipose tissue are reviewed, as are their effects on growth, menstrual cycles, and bone mass acquisition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search on Medline between 1990 and 2013 was conducted using the following terms: \u201cintense training,\u201d \u201cphysical activity,\u201d or \u201cexercise\u201d combined with \u201chormone,\u201d \u201cendocrine,\u201d and \u201cgirls,\u201d \u201cwomen,\u201d or \u201celite female athletes.\u201d All articles reporting on the endocrine changes related to intense training and their potential implications for growth, menstrual cycles, and bone mass acquisition were considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young female athletes present a high prevalence of menstrual disorders, including delayed menarche, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea, characterized by a high degree of variability according to the type of sport. Exercise-related reproductive dysfunction may have consequences for growth velocity and peak bone mass acquisition. Recent findings highlight the endocrine role of adipose tissue and energy balance in the regulation of homeostasis and reproductive function. A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby intense training affects the endocrine system may orient research to develop innovative strategies (ie, based on nutritional or pharmacological approaches and individualized modalities of training and competition) to improve the medical care of these adolescents and protect their reproductive function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T17:09:06Z","timestamp":1394125746000},"page":"4037-4050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Endocrine Disorders in Adolescent and Young Female Athletes: Impact on Growth, Menstrual Cycles, and Bone Mass Acquisition"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Ma\u00efmoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Nucl\u00e9aire (L.M.), H\u00f4pital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional Universitaire (CHRU) de Montpellier and Universit\u00e9 Montpellier 1 (UM1), 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement d'Hormonologie (L.M., C.S.), H\u00f4pital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Physiologie et M\u00e9decine Exp\u00e9rimentale du C\u0153ur et des Muscles (L.M.), INSERM Unit\u00e9 1046, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier 1 (UM1) and Universit\u00e9 Montpellier 2 (UM2), 34295 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neoklis A.","family":"Georgopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology (N.A.G.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras 265 04, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d'Hormonologie (L.M., C.S.), H\u00f4pital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d'Endocrinologie et Gyn\u00e9cologie P\u00e9diatrique (C.S.), D\u00e9partement de P\u00e9diatrie, H\u00f4pital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier et UM1, 34295 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071615591980500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082A","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-5-1082","article-title":"Attainment of peak bone mass","volume":"71","author":"Ott","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071615591980500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-28458","article-title":"Physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in young adulthood. 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