{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:43:37Z","timestamp":1790455417571,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mineralocorticoid synthesis by the nonhuman primate periovulatory follicle enhances luteinization. Whether a similar event occurs in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of the study was to determine whether human luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) produce mineralocorticoids derived from 21-hydroxylase activity and also express mRNA for 21-hydroxylase and the mineralocorticoid receptor.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study was conducted at an academic center.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LGC lipid content and follicle fluid (FF) hormone analysis was performed on 27 nonobese IVF women. LGCs from six additional nonobese IVF women were used for gene expression studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At oocyte retrieval, FF was aspirated from the first follicle (\u226516 mm in size) of each ovary and pooled LGCs were collected.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>FF steroid analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. LGCs were stained with lipid fluorescent dye BODIPY FL C16 to estimate lipid content by confocal microscopy as a cholesterol source for steroidogenesis in vivo. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using LGCs to detect 21-hydroxylase and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression. Pearson correlation coefficients determined associations between FF steroid levels and LGC lipid content.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>FF levels of the 21-hydroxylase-derived steroids, 11-deoxycorticosterone [DOC, 39.97, median (13.94\u201363.02) ng\/mL] and 11-deoxycortisol [11DOC, 2.07 (0.69\u20135.01) ng\/mL], along with the 21-hydroxylase precursor 17-hydroxyprogesterone [1268.21 (493.26\u20133558.39) ng\/mL], positively correlated with LGC lipid content (84 \u00b1 43 fluorescent units\/sample) (P \u2264 .05, all steroids). 21-Hydroxylase and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was detected in LGCs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human LGCs likely synthesize 21-hydroxylase-derived mineralocorticoids from cholesterol-containing lipid in vivo to promote postovulatory luteinization via mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,14]],"date-time":"2014-01-14T10:06:36Z","timestamp":1389693996000},"page":"1299-1306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["21-Hydroxylase-Derived Steroids in Follicles of Nonobese Women Undergoing Ovarian Stimulation for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Positively Correlate With Lipid Content of Luteinized Granulosa Cells (LGCs) as a Source of Cholesterol for Steroid Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Marli","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.A., A.S., M.C., P.S., G.D.C., D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Simerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.A., A.S., M.C., P.S., G.D.C., D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.A., A.S., M.C., P.S., G.D.C., D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prapti","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.A., A.S., M.C., P.S., G.D.C., D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Briton-Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ART Reproductive Center (C.B.-J., D.H.), Beverly Hills, California 90210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ART Reproductive Center (C.B.-J., D.H.), Beverly Hills, California 90210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Grogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.G., D.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Elashoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.G., D.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los 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