{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:56:53Z","timestamp":1791579413582,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,14]],"date-time":"2014-01-14T10:06:36Z","timestamp":1389693996000},"page":"1027-1036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":238,"title":["Hyperandrogenemia Predicts Metabolic Phenotype in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Utility of Serum Androstenedione"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Michael W.","family":"O'Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.W.O., A.E.T., B.A.H., R.K.C., P.M.S., J.W.T., W.A.), School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela E.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.W.O., A.E.T., B.A.H., R.K.C., P.M.S., J.W.T., W.A.), School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola J.","family":"Crabtree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine (N.J.C.), University Hospitals Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly A.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.W.O., A.E.T., B.A.H., R.K.C., P.M.S., J.W.T., W.A.), School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farfia","family":"Capper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Research\/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (F.C.), University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel K.","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.W.O., A.E.T., B.A.H., R.K.C., P.M.S., J.W.T., W.A.), School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.W.O., A.E.T., B.A.H., R.K.C., P.M.S., J.W.T., W.A.), School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of Leeds (P.M.S.), Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy W.","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.W.O., A.E.T., B.A.H., R.K.C., P.M.S., J.W.T., W.A.), School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Arlt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.W.O., A.E.T., B.A.H., R.K.C., P.M.S., J.W.T., W.A.), School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331307","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"333","author":"Franks","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032046","article-title":"The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population","volume":"89","author":"Azziz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","article-title":"Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): The Amsterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","volume":"97","author":"Fauser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"19","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035","article-title":"The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report","volume":"91","author":"Azziz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12068","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiovascular events in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a 20-year retrospective cohort study","volume":"78","author":"Mani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1003","article-title":"Cardiometabolic aspects of the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Randeva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2011-100175","article-title":"The investigation and management of hirsutism","volume":"38","author":"Franks","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02932.x","article-title":"The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: the criteria are insufficiently robust for clinical research","volume":"67","author":"Barth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4647","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2001-012045","article-title":"5\u03b1-Reductase and 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche","volume":"87","author":"Silfen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(86)80024-X","article-title":"Serum bioavailability of sex steroid hormones","volume":"15","author":"Pardridge","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6079","article-title":"A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum","volume":"84","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00464-0","article-title":"Measurement of total serum testosterone levels using commercially available kits: high degree of between-kit variability","volume":"69","author":"Boots","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-1-142","article-title":"Adrenal abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Loughlin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90664-Q","article-title":"5 \u03b1-Reductase activity in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"335","author":"Stewart","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021875","article-title":"Beyond adrenal and ovarian androgen generation: Increased peripheral 5\u03b1-reductase activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1210\/er.16.3.322","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion","volume":"16","author":"Ehrmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.05762","article-title":"Androgen generation in adipose tissue in women with simple obesity\u2014a site-specific role for 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5","volume":"183","author":"Quinkler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B19","first-page":"3078","article-title":"Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study","volume":"83","author":"Knochenhauer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1382","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenism is characterized by an increased risk of hepatic steatosis compared to nonhyperandrogenic pcos phenotypes and healthy controls, independent of obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"97","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16503-3","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by mutant p450 oxidoreductase and human androgen synthesis: analytical study","volume":"363","author":"Arlt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp024","article-title":"Visually scoring hirsutism","volume":"16","author":"Yildiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3342","article-title":"Analysis of body composition in individuals with high bone mass reveals a marked increase in fat mass in women but not men","volume":"98","author":"Gregson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0837","article-title":"Increased 5\u03b1-Reductase activity and adrenocortical drive in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Vassiliadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(90)90040-Z","article-title":"Insulin release and peripheral sensitivity at the oral glucose tolerance test","volume":"10","author":"Cederholm","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.3.295","article-title":"Use of the oral glucose tolerance test to assess insulin release and insulin sensitivity","volume":"23","author":"Stumvoll","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.143222","article-title":"Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone with pediatric and adult reference intervals","volume":"56","author":"Kushnir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1258\/000456305774538175","article-title":"Development of a method for the measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"42","author":"Chadwick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"81","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B30","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Cortisol metabolism in human obesity: impaired cortisone\u2013>cortisol conversion in subjects with central adiposity","volume":"84","author":"Stewart","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02764.x","article-title":"Metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovaries and oligo-amenorrhoea but normal androgen levels: implications for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Barber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.11.004","article-title":"Subclinical atherosclerosis and hyperandrogenemia are independent risk factors for increased epicardial fat thickness in patients with PCOS and idiopathic hirsutism","volume":"226","author":"Cakir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3922","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1054","article-title":"Oligoanovulation with polycystic ovaries but not overt hyperandrogenism","volume":"91","author":"Dewailly","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.2321049.x","article-title":"Evidence for a primary abnormality of thecal cell steroidogenesis in the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Gilling-Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.10.016","article-title":"Comparison of effects of 3 mg drospirenone plus 20 mug ethinyl estradiol alone or combined with metformin or cyproterone acetate on classic metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Fruzzetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0709","article-title":"Influence of spironolactone treatment on endothelial function in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"164","author":"Studen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2134","article-title":"Age-specific reference ranges for serum testosterone and androstenedione concentrations in women measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"97","author":"Haring","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1974.tb03298.x","article-title":"Sex-hormone-binding globulin","volume":"3","author":"Anderson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1864","article-title":"Position statement: utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement","volume":"92","author":"Rosner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.044503","article-title":"Testosterone measurement by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: validation of a method for routine clinical practice","volume":"51","author":"Cawood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2117","article-title":"Global adiposity rather than abnormal regional fat distribution characterizes women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Barber","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.10.010","article-title":"Adipocyte biology in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"373","author":"Barber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2012","article-title":"Identification of a functional polymorphism of the human type 5 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene associated with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Qin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-123-2-733","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor I and insulin potentiate luteinizing hormone-induced androgen synthesis by rat ovarian thecal-interstitial cells","volume":"123","author":"Cara","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2939","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia amplifies GnRH agonist stimulated ovarian steroid secretion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Tosi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810489","article-title":"Inactivating PAPSS2 mutations in a patient with premature pubarche","volume":"360","author":"Noordam","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113554255400_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1976","article-title":"Variants in SULT2A1 affect the DHEA sulphate to DHEA ratio in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome but not the hyperandrogenic phenotype","volume":"98","author":"Louwers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/99\/3\/1027\/11158044\/jcem1027.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T02:56:16Z","timestamp":1716432976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/99\/3\/1027\/2537474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-3399","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]}}}