{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T02:56:02Z","timestamp":1776221762971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"\n Context:<\/jats:title>\n The impact of adolescent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on health, independent of fat mass, is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n The objective of the study was to determine the independent (of total body fat) association of ultrasound scan (USS)-determined NAFLD with liver fibrosis, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia among healthy adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n This was a cross-sectional analysis in participants from a UK birth cohort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants:<\/jats:title>\n One thousand eight hundred seventy-four (1059 female) individuals of a mean age of 17.9 years participated in the study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes:<\/jats:title>\n USS assessed liver stiffness (shear velocity, an indicator of fibrosis) and volume, fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, \u03b3-glutamyltransferase, and haptoglobin.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of NAFLD was 2.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8\u20133.3] and was the same in females and males. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry determined total body fat mass was strongly associated with USS NAFLD: odds ratio 3.15 (95% CI 2.44\u20134.07) per 1 SD (\u223c10 kg) fat mass. Those with NAFLD had larger liver volumes and greater shear velocity. They also had higher fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, \u03b3-glutamyltransferase, and haptoglobin and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Most associations were independent of total body fat. For example, after adjustment for fat mass and other confounders, hepatic shear velocity [mean difference 22.8% (95% CI 15.6\u201330.5)], triglyceride levels [23.6% (95% CI 6.0\u201344.2)], and insulin [39.4% (95% CI 10.7\u201375.5)] were greater in those with NAFLD compared with those without NAFLD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n In healthy European adolescents, 2.5% have USS-defined NAFLD. Even after accounting for total body fat, those with NAFLD have more adverse levels of liver fibrosis and cardiometabolic risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]],"date-time":"2014-01-28T17:53:44Z","timestamp":1390931624000},"page":"E410-E417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Liver Fibrosis, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1874 General Population Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Debbie A.","family":"Lawlor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (D.A.L., C.M.-W., E.A., A.F., L.D.H.), Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Social and Community Medicine (D.A.L., C.M.-W., E.A., A.F., L.D.H.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, United 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