{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:14:05Z","timestamp":1780564445724,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T17:50:56Z","timestamp":1389981056000},"page":"E615-E624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Aberrant GDF9 Expression and Activation Are Associated With Common Human Ovarian Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Courtney M.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research (C.M.S., D.M.R., S.L.A.-M., C.A.H., P.G.S.), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (C.M.S., C.A.H., P.G.S.), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research (C.M.S., D.M.R., S.L.A.-M., C.A.H., P.G.S.), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara L.","family":"Al-Musawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research (C.M.S., D.M.R., S.L.A.-M., C.A.H., P.G.S.), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek A.","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences (D.A.H., K.P.M.), Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth P.","family":"McNatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences (D.A.H., K.P.M.), Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley J.","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Institute (L.J.R., D.G.M., R.B.G.), Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Mottershead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Institute (L.J.R., D.G.M., R.B.G.), Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Institute (L.J.R., D.G.M., R.B.G.), Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research (C.M.S., D.M.R., S.L.A.-M., C.A.H., P.G.S.), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (C.M.S., C.A.H., P.G.S.), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research (C.M.S., D.M.R., S.L.A.-M., C.A.H., P.G.S.), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (C.M.S., C.A.H., P.G.S.), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B1","first-page":"749","article-title":"Mutational screening of the coding region of growth differentiation factor 9 gene in Indian women with ovarian failure","volume":"12","author":"Dixit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B2","first-page":"1976","article-title":"Identification of new variants of human BMP15 gene in a large cohort of women with premature ovarian failure","volume":"91","author":"Di Pasquale","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B3","first-page":"739","article-title":"Mutations and sequence variants in GDF9 and BMP15 in patients with premature ovarian failure","volume":"154","author":"Laissue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B4","first-page":"465","article-title":"Ovarian aging: mechanisms and clinical consequences","volume":"30","author":"Broekmans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B5","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Aberrant expression of growth differentiation factor-9 in oocytes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Teixeira Filho","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B6","first-page":"447","article-title":"Association of genetic markers within the BMP15 gene with anovulation and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B7","first-page":"347","article-title":"Impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Moran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B8","first-page":"2038","article-title":"Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society","volume":"95","author":"Wild","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B9","first-page":"235","article-title":"Endometrium in PCOS: implantation and predisposition to endocrine CA","volume":"20","author":"Giudice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B10","first-page":"531","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-9 is required during early ovarian folliculogenesis","volume":"383","author":"Dong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B11","first-page":"58","article-title":"Characterization of recombinant human growth differentiation factor-9 signaling in ovarian granulosa cells","volume":"283","author":"Mottershead","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B12","first-page":"653","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-9 signaling is mediated by the type I receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 5","volume":"18","author":"Mazerbourg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B13","first-page":"473","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II is a receptor for growth differentiation factor-9","volume":"67","author":"Vitt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B14","first-page":"1745","article-title":"Transcriptional control by the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling system","volume":"19","author":"Massague","year":"2000","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B15","first-page":"514","article-title":"Oocyte-secreted factors enhance oocyte developmental competence","volume":"296","author":"Hussein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B16","first-page":"900","article-title":"Mutations in the genes for oocyte-derived growth factors GDF9 and BMP15 are associated with both increased ovulation rate and sterility in Cambridge and Belclare sheep (Ovis aries)","volume":"70","author":"Hanrahan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B17","first-page":"921","article-title":"Homozygosity for a single base-pair mutation in the oocyte-specific GDF9 gene results in sterility in Thoka sheep","volume":"138","author":"Nicol","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B18","first-page":"1777","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 are essential for ovarian follicular development in sheep","volume":"67","author":"Juengel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B19","first-page":"552","article-title":"The effects of immunizing sheep with different BMP15 or GDF9 peptide sequences on ovarian follicular activity and ovulation rate","volume":"76","author":"McNatty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B20","first-page":"557","article-title":"Effects of immunization against bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 on ovulation rate, fertilization, and pregnancy in ewes","volume":"70","author":"Juengel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"12","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B21","first-page":"5946","article-title":"Effects of immunization against androstenedione or bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) on reproductive performance in sheep","volume":"91","author":"Juengel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B22","first-page":"1150","article-title":"Plasma gonadotropin concentrations and ovarian characteristics in Inverdale ewes that are heterozygous for a major gene (FecX1) on the X chromosome that influences ovulation rate","volume":"48","author":"Shackell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B23","first-page":"57","article-title":"Oocyte-expressed genes affecting ovulation rate","volume":"234","author":"McNatty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B24","first-page":"143","article-title":"Growth differentiating factor-9 mutations may be associated with premature ovarian failure","volume":"87","author":"Kovanci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B25","first-page":"1474","article-title":"Analyses of GDF9 mutation in 100 Chinese women with premature ovarian failure","volume":"88","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B26","first-page":"4713","article-title":"Novel variants in growth differentiation factor 9 in mothers of dizygotic twins","volume":"91","author":"Palmer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impaired production of BMP-15 and GDF-9 mature proteins derived from proproteins WITH mutations in the proregion","volume":"328","author":"Inagaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B28","first-page":"732","article-title":"Immunoneutralization of growth differentiation factor 9 reveals it partially accounts for mouse oocyte mitogenic activity","volume":"71","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B29","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Activation of latent human GDF9 by a single residue change (Gly 391 Arg) in the mature domain","volume":"153","author":"Simpson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B30","first-page":"289","article-title":"Mouse oocyte mitogenic activity is developmentally coordinated throughout folliculogenesis and meiotic maturation","volume":"240","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B31","first-page":"3811","article-title":"Molecular basis of oocyte-paracrine signalling that promotes granulosa cell proliferation","volume":"119","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B32","first-page":"363","article-title":"Protein structure prediction on the Web: a case study using the Phyre server","volume":"4","author":"Kelley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B33","first-page":"343","article-title":"Latent TGF-\u03b2 structure and activation","volume":"474","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B34","first-page":"1605","article-title":"UCSF Chimera\u2014a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis","volume":"25","author":"Pettersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B35","first-page":"344","article-title":"Identification of novel missense mutations of GDF9 in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B36","first-page":"17029","article-title":"Two distinct regions of latency-associated peptide coordinate stability of the latent transforming growth factor-\u03b21 complex","volume":"285","author":"Walton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B37","first-page":"7718","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b21 mutations in Camurati-Engelmann disease lead to increased signaling by altering either activation or secretion of the mutant protein","volume":"278","author":"Janssens","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B38","first-page":"9311","article-title":"A common biosynthetic pathway governs the dimerization and secretion of inhibin and related transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) ligands","volume":"284","author":"Walton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B39","first-page":"11469","article-title":"Domain-specific mutations of a transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b21 latency-associated peptide cause Camurati-Engelmann disease because of the formation of a constitutively active form of TGF-\u03b21","volume":"276","author":"Saito","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B40","first-page":"888","article-title":"Species differences in the expression and activity of bone morphogenetic protein 15","volume":"154","author":"Al-Musawi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B41","first-page":"843","article-title":"Genes controlling ovulation rate in sheep","volume":"121","author":"Montgomery","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B42","first-page":"20","article-title":"Regulation of ovulation rate in mammals: contribution of sheep genetic models","volume":"4","author":"Fabre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113441947500_B43","first-page":"114","article-title":"Do mothers of dizygotic twins have earlier menopause? A role for fragile X?","volume":"69","author":"Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/99\/4\/E615\/9050371\/jcemE615.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T03:58:11Z","timestamp":1555041491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/99\/4\/E615\/2537682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-3949","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]}}}