{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:10:34Z","timestamp":1790806234971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both testicular and adrenal steroid secretions are impaired in men with panhypopituitarism (Hypo-Pit), whereas only testicular steroid secretion is impaired in men with isolated gonadotropin deficiency (IHH) caused by normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism or Kallmann syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of the study was to compare the serum levels of sex steroids, precursors, and metabolites between men with complete IHH and those with Hypo-Pit.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied 42 healthy men, 16 untreated men with IHH (normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism\/Kallmann syndrome) and 23 men with Hypo-Pit (14 with craniopharyngioma, 9 with congenital hypopituitarism) receiving hydrocortisone, thyroxine, and GH replacement therapy but not T.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used to measure the serum levels of sex steroids [T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol (E2)], their precursors (pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenediol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione), and their metabolites (androsterone, estrone, and estrone sulfate) as well as pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate esters.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All the above-mentioned steroids, and notably T, DHT, and E2, were significantly lower in IHH patients than in controls but remained well above the detection limit of the relevant assays. In Hypo-Pit men, all these steroids were dramatically and significantly lower than in IHH. Interestingly, T, DHT, and E2, as well as pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate esters, were undetectable or barely detectable in the Hypo-Pit men.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Steroid deficiencies are marked but partial in men with complete IHH. In contrast, men with Hypo-Pit have a very severe overall steroid deficiency. These deficiencies could affect health and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T18:52:19Z","timestamp":1415904739000},"page":"E292-E296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Sex Steroids, Precursors, and Metabolite Deficiencies in Men With Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Panhypopituitarism: A GCMS-Based Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Giton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (F.G., S.T., J.S., Y.L.B., S.B.-T., J.Y.); F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France;"},{"name":"Centre d'Investigations Biologiques (F.G.), H\u00f4pital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France;"},{"name":"INSERM Unit\u00e9 955 Eq07 (F.G., J.F.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9verine","family":"Trabado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (F.G., S.T., J.S., Y.L.B., S.B.-T., J.Y.); F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France;"},{"name":"Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Est, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est, F-77454 Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e; Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris-Sud (S.T., J.S., S.B.-T., J.Y.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire, Pharmacog\u00e9n\u00e9tique, et Hormonologie (S.T., S.B.-T.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Hopital Bic\u00eatre, and INSERM Unit\u00e9 693 (S.T., S.B.-T., J.Y.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Maione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction (L.M., J.S., J.Y.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Sarfati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (F.G., S.T., J.S., Y.L.B., S.B.-T., J.Y.); F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France;"},{"name":"Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Est, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est, F-77454 Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e; Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris-Sud (S.T., J.S., S.B.-T., J.Y.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction (L.M., J.S., J.Y.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Le Bouc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (F.G., S.T., J.S., Y.L.B., S.B.-T., J.Y.); F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France;"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles (Y.L.B.), H\u00f4pital Trousseau, F-75571 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie (Y.L.B.), F-75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 938 (Y.L.B.), F-75020 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Brailly-Tabard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (F.G., S.T., J.S., Y.L.B., S.B.-T., J.Y.); F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France;"},{"name":"Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Est, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est, F-77454 Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e; Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris-Sud (S.T., J.S., S.B.-T., J.Y.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire, Pharmacog\u00e9n\u00e9tique, et Hormonologie (S.T., S.B.-T.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Hopital Bic\u00eatre, and INSERM Unit\u00e9 693 (S.T., S.B.-T., J.Y.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Fiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit\u00e9 955 Eq07 (F.G., J.F.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (F.G., S.T., J.S., Y.L.B., S.B.-T., J.Y.); F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France;"},{"name":"Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Est, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est, F-77454 Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e; Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris-Sud (S.T., J.S., S.B.-T., J.Y.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction (L.M., J.S., J.Y.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Hopital Bic\u00eatre, and INSERM Unit\u00e9 693 (S.T., S.B.-T., J.Y.), F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071614372336800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1664","article-title":"Approach to the male patient with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"97","author":"Young","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60673-4","article-title":"Hypopituitarism","volume":"369","author":"Schneider","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B3","first-page":"2578","article-title":"Panhypopituitarism as a model to study the metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in humans","volume":"82","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3780","article-title":"Challenges to the measurement of estradiol: an endocrine society position statement","volume":"98","author":"Rosner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.03.091","article-title":"Estradiol levels in men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and the effects of different modalities of hormonal treatment","volume":"95","author":"Trabado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E268","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2288","article-title":"Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) in men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism\/Kallmann syndrome and effects of different modalities of hormonal treatment: a single-center study of 281 patients","volume":"99","author":"Trabado","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E537","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3553","article-title":"Computed tomography of the anterior skull base in Kallmann syndrome reveals specific ethmoid bone abnormalities associated with olfactory bulb defects","volume":"98","author":"Maione","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0892","article-title":"Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome in 83 patients: novel HESX1 mutation and severe hormonal prognosis in malformative forms","volume":"164","author":"Reynaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0551","article-title":"Serum sex steroids measured in middle-aged European and African-Caribbean men by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"165","author":"Giton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.04.022","article-title":"Plasma estrone sulfate assay in men: comparison of radioimmunoassay, mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS)","volume":"411","author":"Giton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(99)00563-0","article-title":"Validation of an analytical procedure to measure trace amounts of neurosteroids in brain tissue by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"739","author":"Liere","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106170","article-title":"Studies of the pituitary-Leydig cell axis in young men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hyposmia: comparison with normal men, prepuberal boys, and hypopituitary patients","volume":"48","author":"Bardin","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1982.tb01584.x","article-title":"Plasma steroid concentrations in patients with hypopituitarism and Kallman's syndrome: effects of testosterone replacement therapy","volume":"17","author":"Sagel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02062","article-title":"Androgen therapy in women","volume":"154","author":"Arlt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)81012-6","article-title":"The multiple roles of estrogens and the enzyme aromatase","volume":"181","author":"Boon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B16","first-page":"4358","article-title":"Increase in bone density and lean body mass during testosterone administration in men with acquired hypogonadism","volume":"81","author":"Katznelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.52.751","article-title":"High risk of osteopenia and bone derangement in postsurgical patients with craniopharyngiomas, pituitary adenomas and other parasellar lesions","volume":"52","author":"Okinaga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1206168","article-title":"Gonadal steroids and body composition, strength, and sexual function in men","volume":"369","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-861547","article-title":"Adrenal androgens and intracrinology","volume":"22","author":"Labrie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2012.12.011","article-title":"What are the physiological estrogens?","volume":"78","author":"Baker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243985","article-title":"Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication","volume":"343","author":"Vall\u00e9e","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071614372336800_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53630-3.00008-7","article-title":"Neurosteroids: endogenous role in the human brain and therapeutic potentials","volume":"186","author":"Reddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/100\/2\/E292\/10854522\/jcemE292.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/100\/2\/E292\/10854522\/jcemE292.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T02:19:22Z","timestamp":1594952362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/100\/2\/E292\/2814941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2014-2658","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}}}