{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:28:32Z","timestamp":1790720912629,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent implementation by some major sports-governing bodies of policies governing eligibility of females with hyperandrogenism to compete in women\u2019s sports has raised a lot of attention and is still a controversial issue. This short article addresses two main subjects of controversy: the existing scientific basis supporting performance enhancing of high blood T levels in elite female athletes, and the ethical rationale and considerations about these policies. Given the recently published data about both innate and acquired hyperandrogenic conditions and their prevalence in elite female sports, we claim that the high level of androgens are per se performance enhancing. Regulating women with clinical and biological hyperandrogenism is an invitation to criticism because biological parameters of sex are not neatly divided into only two categories in the real world. It is, however, the responsibility of the sports-governing bodies to do their best to guarantee a level playing field to all athletes. In order not cloud the discussions about the policies on hyperandrogenism in sports, issues of sports eligibility and therapeutic options should always be considered and explained separately, even if they may overlap. Finally, some proposals for refining the existing policies are made in the present article.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T17:43:28Z","timestamp":1421257408000},"page":"828-830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Women With Hyperandrogenism in Elite Sports: Scientific and Ethical Rationales for Regulating"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bermon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Motricit\u00e9 Humaine, Education, Sport, Sant\u00e9 (S.B.), Nice Sophia Antipolis University, 06107 Nice, France"},{"name":"Monaco Institute of Sports Medicine and Surgery (S.B.), 98000 Monaco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Vilain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics and Unit\u00e9 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unit\u00e9 Mixte Internationale 3663 \u201cEpigenetics, Data, Politics\u201d (E.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"F\u00e9nichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Endocrinology (P.F.), and INSERM Unit\u00e9 1065, H\u00f4pital l\u2019Archet, University Hospital of Nice, 06200 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ritz\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health (M.R.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071616071165600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.09.010","article-title":"Testosterone and sport: current perspectives","volume":"61","author":"Wood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2020071616071165600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.7.1262","article-title":"Hormonal doping and androgenization of athletes: a secret program of the German Democratic Republic government","volume":"43","author":"Franke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2020071616071165600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4328","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1391","article-title":"Serum androgen levels in elite female athletes","volume":"99","author":"Bermon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071616071165600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0249-8","article-title":"Natural selection for genetic variants in sport: the role of Y chromosome genes in elite female athletes with 46,XY DSD","volume":"44","author":"Ferguson-Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2020071616071165600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232100-00002","article-title":"Muscle strength testing: use of normalisation for body size","volume":"32","author":"Jaric","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2020071616071165600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510425","article-title":"Transsexuals and competitive sports","volume":"151","author":"Gooren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071616071165600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04850-1","article-title":"Hyperandrogenicity is an alternative mechanism underlying oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in female athletes and may improve physical performance","volume":"79","author":"Rickenlund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020071616071165600_B8","first-page":"103","article-title":"Is testosterone influencing explosive performance?","volume":"20","author":"Cardinale","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2020071616071165600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318195a21a","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism may explain reproductive dysfunction in female Olympic athletes","volume":"41","author":"Hagmar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2020071616071165600_B10","unstructured":"International Association of Athletic Federations (IAAF). List of athletes currently serving a period of inegibility as a result of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation under IAAF Rules. Published: October 1, 2014; updated December 1, 2014. 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