{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:52:48Z","timestamp":1790013168170,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hyperthyroidism affects all age groups, but epidemiological data for children are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To perform a nationwide epidemiological survey of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional descriptive study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Identification of entries corresponding to reimbursements for antithyroid drugs in the French national insurance database.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All cases of childhood hyperthyroidism (6 months to 17 years of age) in 2015.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>National incidence rate estimated with a nonlinear Poisson model and spatial distribution of cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 670 cases of childhood hyperthyroidism were identified. Twenty patients (3%) had associated autoimmune or genetic disease, with type 1 diabetes and Down syndrome the most frequent. The annual incidence for 2015 was 4.58\/100,000 person-years (95% CI 3.00 to 6.99\/100,000). Incidence increased with age, in both sexes. This increase accelerated after the age of 8 in girls and 10 in boys and was stronger in girls. About 10% of patients were affected before the age of 5 years (sex ratio 1.43). There was an interaction between age and sex, the effect of being female increasing with age: girls were 3.2 times more likely to be affected than boys in the 10 to 14 years age group and 5.7 times more likely to be affected in the 15 to 17 years age group. No conclusions about spatial pattern emerged.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings shed light on the incidence of hyperthyroidism and the impact of sex on this incidence during childhood and adolescence. The observed incidence was higher than expected from the results published for earlier studies in Northern European countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T18:08:33Z","timestamp":1527530913000},"page":"2980-2987","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Epidemiology of Childhood Hyperthyroidism in France: A Nationwide Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Rigou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"Le Moal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelkrim","family":"Zeghnoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Le Tertre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perrine","family":"De Crouy-Chanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentia","family":"Kaguelidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Robert Debr\u00e9, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France"},{"name":"Clinical Investigations Center, INSERM CIC 1426, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, UMR-1123 ECEVE, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Leger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Reference Centre for Endocrine Growth and Development Diseases, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Robert Debr\u00e9, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"UMR 1141, DHU Protect, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2020071700361840200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02392.x","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of coeliac disease in Denmark: a linkage study combining national registries","volume":"101","author":"Dydensborg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"15","key":"2020071700361840200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610187","article-title":"Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002-2012","volume":"376","author":"Mayer-Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071700361840200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000430985","article-title":"Increasing incidence of juvenile thyrotoxicosis in Denmark: a nationwide study, 1998-2012","volume":"84","author":"Havgaard Kj\u00e6r","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071700361840200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.08.008","article-title":"Graves\u2019 disease in children","volume":"28","author":"L\u00e9ger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071700361840200_B5","unstructured":"French Government. 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