{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T10:19:43Z","timestamp":1775989183034,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL117620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL117620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006975","name":"Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006975","name":"Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR000006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006975","name":"Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RR025671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RR025671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is unclear if effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and clinically available GLP-1 agonists on the heart occur at clinical doses in humans, possibly contributing to reduced cardiovascular disease risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine whether liraglutide, at clinical dosing, augments myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) alone or combined with insulin compared with insulin alone in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a randomized clinical trial of patients with T2D treated with metformin plus oral agents or basal insulin, myocardial fuel use was compared after 3 months of treatment with insulin detemir, liraglutide, or combination detemir plus liraglutide added to background metformin.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Myocardial blood flow (MBF), fuel selection, and rates of fuel use were evaluated using positron emission tomography, powered to demonstrate large effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MBF was greater in the insulin-treated groups [median (25th, 75th percentile): detemir, 0.64 mL\/g\/min (0.50, 0.69); liraglutide, 0.52 mL\/g\/min (0.46, 0.58); detemir plus liraglutide, 0.75 mL\/g\/min (0.55, 0.77); P = 0.035 comparing three groups, P = 0.01 comparing detemir groups to liraglutide alone]. There were no evident differences among groups in MGU [detemir, 0.040 \u00b5mol\/g\/min (0.013, 0.049); liraglutide, 0.055 \u00b5mol\/g\/min (0.019, 0.105); detemir plus liraglutide, 0.037 \u00b5mol\/g\/min (0.009, 0.046); P = 0.68 comparing three groups]. There were no treatment-group differences in measures of myocardial fatty acid uptake or handling, and no differences in total oxidation rate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These observations argue against large effects of GLP-1 agonists on myocardial fuel metabolism as mediators of beneficial treatment effects on myocardial function and ischemia protection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T18:02:30Z","timestamp":1531850550000},"page":"3456-3465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Combination GLP-1 and Insulin Treatment Fails to Alter Myocardial Fuel Selection vs. Insulin Alone in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Kieren 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