{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:48:22Z","timestamp":1787021302106,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists control postprandial glucose and lipid excursion in type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanisms are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the mechanisms of postprandial lipid and glucose control with lixisenatide (GLP-1 analog) in type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized, double-blind, cross-over study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Research, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight obese men with type 2 diabetes [age, 57.3 \u00b1 1.9 years; body mass index, 30.3 \u00b1 1.0 kg\/m2; glycosylated hemoglobin, 66.5 \u00b1 2.6 mmol\/mol (8.2% \u00b1 0.3%)].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two metabolic studies, 4 weeks after lixisenatide or placebo, with cross-over and repetition of studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study one: very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicron (CM) triacylglycerol (TAG) kinetics were measured with an IV bolus of [2H5]glycerol in a 12-hour study, with hourly feeding. Oral [13C]triolein, in a single meal, labeled enterally derived TAG. Study two: glucose kinetics were measured with [U-13C]glucose in a mixed-meal (plus acetaminophen to measure gastric emptying) and variable IV [6,6-2H2]glucose infusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study one: CM-TAG (but not VLDL-TAG) pool-size was lower with lixisenatide (P = 0.046). Lixisenatide reduced CM [13C]oleate area under the curve (AUC)60\u2013480min concentration (P = 0.048) and increased CM-TAG clearance, with no effect on CM-TAG production rate. Study two: postprandial glucose and insulin AUC0\u2013240min were reduced with lixisenatide (P = 0.0051; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Total glucose production (P = 0.015), rate of glucose appearance from the meal (P = 0.0098), and acetaminophen AUC0\u2013360min (P = 0.006) were lower with lixisenatide than with placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lixisenatide reduced [13C]oleate concentrations, derived from a single meal in CM-TAG and glucose rate of appearance from the meal through delayed gastric emptying. However, day-long CM production, measured with repeated meal feeding, was not reduced by lixisenatide and decreased CM-TAG concentration resulted from increased CM-TAG clearance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T17:43:32Z","timestamp":1536687812000},"page":"359-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Lixisenatide Reduces Chylomicron Triacylglycerol by Increased Clearance"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2897-2026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin B","family":"Whyte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Shojaee-Moradie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharaf E","family":"Sharaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola C","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Fielding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Hovorka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Modelling Group, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeewaka","family":"Mendis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Russell-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Margot","family":"Umpleby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2020071623393436300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.12.11.1336","article-title":"Relation of triglyceride metabolism and coronary artery disease. 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