{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T19:40:34Z","timestamp":1778096434530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HD34242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HD34242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HD34243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HD34243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Explore the maternal body mass index (BMI) relationship with peripheral deiodinase activity further. Examine associations between deiodinase activity, glucose, and C-peptide. Consider findings in the historical context of related existing literature.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Identify fasting plasma samples and selected demographic, biophysical, and biochemical data from a subset of 600 randomly selected non-Hispanic white women recruited in the Hyperglycemia Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study, all with glucose tolerance testing [545 samples sufficient to measure TSH, free T4 (fT4), and T3]. Exclude highest and lowest 1% TSH values (535 available for analysis). Assess deiodinase activity by using T3\/fT4 ratios. Among women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), compare thyroid measurements, C-peptide, and other selected data. Examine relationships independent of GDM status between BMI and thyroid hormones and between thyroid hormones and glucose and C-peptide.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Levels of BMI, T3\/fT4 ratio, and T3 were significantly higher among women with GDM (P = 0.01, 0.005, and 0.001, respectively). Irrespective of GDM status, maternal BMI was associated directly with both T3\/fT4 ratio (r = 0.40, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and T3 (r = 0.34, P &amp;lt; 0.001) but inversely with fT4 (r = \u22120.21, P &amp;lt; 0.001). In turn, fasting thyroid hormone levels (most notably T3\/fT4 ratio) were directly associated with maternal glucose [z score sum (fasting, 1, 2 hours); r = 0.24, P &amp;lt; 0.001] and with C-peptide [z score sum (fasting, 1 hour); r = 0.27, P &amp;lt; 0.001].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher BMI was associated with increased deiodinase activity, consistent with reports from elsewhere. Increased deiodinase activity, in turn, was associated with higher glucose. Deiodinase activity accounts for a small percentage of z score sum glucose.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T19:10:34Z","timestamp":1549912234000},"page":"2593-2600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Maternal BMI, Peripheral Deiodinase Activity, and Plasma Glucose: Relationships Between White Women in the HAPO Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7725-6184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James E","family":"Haddow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Savjani Institute for Health Research, Windham, Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boyd E","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geralyn","family":"Lambert-Messerlian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Coustan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants\u2019 Hospital of Rhode Island 02905, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn E","family":"Palomaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Savjani Institute for Health Research, Windham, Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2020082800521535400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2559a","article-title":"Maternal obesity 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