{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:00:13Z","timestamp":1790517613365,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2459319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2459319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There are scant reports on the pathological changes of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas in fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To clarify the distinct pathological changes in the exocrine as well as the endocrine pancreas shortly after onset of diabetes in FT1DM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The exocrine and endocrine pancreases of 3 patients with FT1DM and 17 nondiabetic controls were immunohistochemically examined for islet and exocrine tissue inflammation, infiltrating mononuclear cell (MNC) CD subtype, enterovirus capsid protein 1 (VP1) localization, and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) expressions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The median frequency of insulitis in the 3 FT1DM pancreases was 60%. In the nondiabetic control pancreases, no insulitis was observed. In the islets of FT1DM, the numbers of CD45+, CD3+, CD8+, CD68+, and CD11c+ MNCs were significantly higher than those of the control group. In the exocrine pancreas of FT1DM, the numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD11c+ dendritic cells were significantly higher than those of the control group. Infiltrating CD8+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD11c+ dendritic cells were observed around exocrine acinar cells in FT1DM. There was a close association between VP1 and CXCL10 expression in pancreatic exocrine ductal cells and acinar cells as well as islet cells in FT1DM. CXCL10+ exocrine cells were surrounded by CXCR3+ T cells.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pathological findings suggested that suppression of the activated CXCL10\u2013CXCR3 axis in the exocrine as well as the endocrine pancreas is a novel therapeutic target in FT1DM and possibly in enterovirus-associated acute-onset type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T09:32:37Z","timestamp":1558431157000},"page":"4282-4294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Unique Inflammatory Changes in Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas in Enterovirus-Induced Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5672-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikako","family":"Takita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Diabetes Center, Tokyo Woman\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Jimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyasu","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Aida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetic Medicine, Kanoiwa General Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1524-6751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoichi","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 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