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Circadian misalignment shifts the peak of testosterone\u2019s diurnal rhythm to occur soon after waking up, irrespective of the biological clock time, but it does not change the mean concentration. Preliminary studies show that extending sleep in individuals who are chronically sleep deprived may become a strategy to reduce insulin resistance and hypertension. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy can improve erectile function, and possibly systemic testosterone exposure, but only when used adherently by men with obstructive sleep apnea. Both high-dose and replacement-dose testosterone therapies modestly worsen sleep-disordered breathing, but they also improve cardiometabolic function and sexual desire. Persistence of either the adverse or beneficial outcomes over the longer term requires further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep is increasingly recognized to be essential for healthy living. Establishing the effect of abnormal sleep, and of improving sleep, on andrological issues of prime interest to men will promote prioritization of sleep, and may thereby improve overall long-term health outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T13:04:05Z","timestamp":1556715845000},"page":"4398-4417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["A Clinical Perspective of Sleep and Andrological Health: Assessment, Treatment Considerations, and Future Research"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2439-0915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Y","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California"},{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine 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