{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:02:37Z","timestamp":1792004557690,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1105305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1105305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1135843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1135843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1127060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1127060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG029824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG029824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001779","name":"Monash University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008018","name":"Victorian Cancer Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AG029824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG029824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000943","name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000943","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a lack of understanding of what is normal in terms of sex steroid levels in older women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether sex steroid levels vary with age in and establish reference ranges for women &gt;70 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional, community-based study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Included 6392 women \u226570 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex steroids measured by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. A reference group, to establish sex steroid age-specific reference ranges, excluded women using systemic or topical sex steroid, antiandrogen or glucocorticoid therapy, or an antiglycemic agent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reference group of 5326 women had a mean age of 75.1 (\u00b14.2) years, range of 70 to 94.7 years. Median values (range) were 181.2 pmol\/L (3.7 to 5768.9) for estrone (E1), 0.38 nmol\/L (0.035 to 8.56) for testosterone (T), 2.60 nmol\/L (0.07 to 46.85) for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and 41.6 nmol\/L (2.4 to 176.6) for SHBG. Estradiol and DHT were below method sensitivity in 66.1% and 72.7% of the samples, respectively. Compared with women aged 70 to 74 years, women aged \u226585 years had higher median levels of E1 (11.7%, P = 0.01), T (11.3%, P = 0.02), and SHBG (22.7%, P &lt; 0.001) and lower DHEA (30% less, P &lt; 0.001). Women with overweight and obesity had higher E1 (P &lt; 0.001) and T (P &lt; 0.03) and lower SHBG (P &lt; 0.001) than did women with normal body mass index. Smokers had 17.2% higher median T levels (P = 0.005).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the age of 70 years, T and E1 increase with age, despite a steady decline in DHEA. Whether E1 and T are biomarkers for longevity or contribute to healthy aging merits investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T09:05:02Z","timestamp":1565687102000},"page":"6291-6300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Testosterone and Estrone Increase From the Age of 70 Years: Findings From the Sex Hormones in Older Women Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2955-0415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan R","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin J","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope J","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Handelsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Phung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reena","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica E","family":"Lockery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn L","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rory S","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J","family":"McNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"ASPREE Investigator Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019110510560748700_bib1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 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