{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:54:29Z","timestamp":1790178869667,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cabergoline (CAB), a long-lasting dopamine-agonist, specific for the D2 receptor, is effective in normalizing serum PRL levels in most patients with microprolactinoma or idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Because few data are presently available on the effects of CAB treatment in macroprolactinomas, the aim of this open-label study was to investigate whether this drug was effective in producing tumor shrinkage, as well as in normalizing PRL levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Twenty-three patients with macroprolactinoma entered this study: 15 patients had had no treatment, whereas the remaining 8 patients had been previously treated with bromocriptine, which was withdrawn because of intolerance. Three of 23 patients had undergone unsuccessful surgery. Pretreatment serum PRL levels ranged from 100-3860 \u03bcg\/L.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CAB was administered at a dose of 0.5\u20133 mg once or twice a week for 12\u201324 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed before and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the beginning of treatment, to evaluate tumor shrinkage, defined as a decrease of at least 80% of baseline tumor volume.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>After 3\u20136 months of treatment with a low dose (0.5\u20131 mg\/week), serum PRL levels normalized in 18 patients. In the remaining 5 patients, whose serum PRL levels were not normalized, the dose was increased to 2\u20133 mg\/week. This schedule caused the normalization of PRL levels in 1 patient, whereas in the remaining 4 patients, PRL levels were reduced to 30\u201382 \u03bcg\/L. A tumor volume reduction greater than 80% at MRI occurred in 14 of 23 patients (61%) after CAB treatment (from 2609.4 \u00b1 534.7 to 530.1 \u00b1 141.3 mm3 at the 12\u201324th month follow-up, P &amp;lt; 0.001). A volume reduction of 41.8 \u00b1 3.4% was already evident after 3 months (1436 \u00b1 285.9 mm3; P &amp;lt; 0.001). The complete disappearance of the tumor mass at MRI occurred after 6 months of treatment with CAB in 1 patient, and in 5 patients after 1 yr of treatment. An improvement of visual field defects was obtained in 9 of the 10 patients presenting visual impairment before CAB treatment. The drug was tolerated well by all patients. Only 1 patient experienced mild nausea, which disappeared spontaneously after the 2nd day of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Long-term, a low dose of the D2 receptor agonist CAB significantly reduced tumor volume and normalized serum PRL levels in a great majority of patients bearing macroprolactinoma. This treatment met with excellent patient compliance. This study suggests that CAB can be used as a first choice drug treatment in macroprolactinomas, as already shown for microprolactinomas and idiopathic hyperprolactinemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.11.4368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T17:01:10Z","timestamp":1389200470000},"page":"3574-3579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Long-Term and Low-Dose Treatment with Cabergoline Induces Macroprolactinoma Shrinkage"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Colao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (A.C., A.D.S., M.L.L., F.S., G.F., R.P., B.M., G.L.), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Di Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (A.C., A.D.S., M.L.L., F.S., G.F., R.P., B.M., G.L.), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Landi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (A.C., A.D.S., M.L.L., F.S., G.F., R.P., B.M., G.L.), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sossio","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology (S.C.), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Sarnacchiaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (A.C., A.D.S., M.L.L., F.S., G.F., R.P., B.M., G.L.), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Facciolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (A.C., A.D.S., M.L.L., F.S., G.F., R.P., B.M., G.L.), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Pivonello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (A.C., A.D.S., M.L.L., F.S., G.F., R.P., B.M., G.L.), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Cataldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Neurosciences (M.C., L.A.), Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartolomeo","family":"Merola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (A.C., A.D.S., M.L.L., F.S., G.F., R.P., B.M., G.L.), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Annunziato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Neurosciences (M.C., L.A.), Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (A.C., A.D.S., M.L.L., F.S., G.F., R.P., B.M., G.L.), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071619251952100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb00299.x","article-title":"Management of prolactinomas.","volume":"34","author":"Cunnah","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol 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