{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:00:48Z","timestamp":1791046848073,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Adrenal cortex autoantibodies (ACA) were measured by immunofluorescence in 808 children with organ-specific autoimmune diseases without adrenal insufficiency. ACA were found in 14 children (1.7%), mostly in hypoparathyroidism (48%). Ten ACA-positive and 12 ACA-negative children were followed up for a maximum of 10 yr by evaluation of adrenocortical function (ACTH test) and autoantibody status. In all patients steroid-producing cell autoantibodies were assessed by immunofluorescence and autoantibodies to steroid 21-hydroxylase, 17\u03b1-hydroxylase, and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme by immunoprecipitation assay. All 10 ACA-positive patients were positive for 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies. Six were positive for steroid-producing cell autoantibodies and 5 also for autoantibodies to 17\u03b1-hydroxylase and\/or P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme. Overt Addison\u2019s disease developed in 9 (90%) ACA\/21-OH-antibody-positive children after 3\u2013121 months, and 1 remaining child had subclinical hypoadrenalism. By contrast, all ACA\/21-OH antibody-negative children maintained normal adrenal function. Adrenal failure was not related to ACA titres, sex, adrenal function, type of preexisting autoimmune disorder, or human leucocyte antigens D-related status. In conclusion, in children with autoimmune endocrine diseases, ACA\/21-hydroxylase autoantibodies are important predictive markers for the development of Addison\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.3.3849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T17:01:43Z","timestamp":1389200503000},"page":"939-942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["II. Adrenal Cortex and Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Autoantibodies in Children with Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases: Markers of High Progression to Clinical Addison\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Corrado","family":"Betterle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (C.B., M.V., R.Z., B.P., F.P.), Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Volpato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (C.B., M.V., R.Z., B.P., F.P.), Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Rees Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIRS Laboratories (B.R.S., J.F., S.C.), RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff CF4 5DU and Department of Medicine, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN; United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Furmaniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIRS Laboratories (B.R.S., J.F., S.C.), RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff CF4 5DU and Department of Medicine, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN; United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIRS Laboratories (B.R.S., J.F., S.C.), RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff CF4 5DU and Department of Medicine, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN; United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Zanchetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (C.B., M.V., R.Z., B.P., F.P.), Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nella A.","family":"Greggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (N.A.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beniamino","family":"Pedini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (C.B., M.V., R.Z., B.P., F.P.), Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Boscaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Endocrinology (M.B.) from the Institute of Semeiotica Medica, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Presotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (C.B., M.V., R.Z., B.P., F.P.), Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071613375478600_R1","author":"Betterle","year":"1994"},{"key":"2020071613375478600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80472-0","article-title":"Adrenal antibodies and Addison\u2019s disease in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"97","author":"Riley","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pediat"},{"key":"2020071613375478600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90511-6","article-title":"Thyroid disease in young diabetics.","volume":"2","author":"Riley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071613375478600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198311000-00005","article-title":"The diagnosis and staging of hypocortisolism in progressing autoimmune adrenalitis.","volume":"17","author":"Leisti","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediat Res"},{"key":"2020071613375478600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-3-494","article-title":"Adrenal and steroidal cell antibodies in patients with autoimmune polyglandular disease Type I and risk of adrenocortical and ovarian failure.","volume":"64","author":"Ahonen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613375478600_R6","first-page":"937","article-title":"I. 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