{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T17:31:47Z","timestamp":1698514307851},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluated the GH-releasing effect of hexarelin (Hex; 2 \u03bcg\/kg, iv) and GHRH (1 \u03bcg\/kg, iv) in 18 patients (11 males and 7 females, aged 2.5\u201320.4 yr) with GH deficiency (GHD) whose hypothalamic pituitary abnormalities had been previously characterized by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten patients had isolated GHD, and 8 had multiple pituitary hormone deficiency. All patients were receiving appropriate hormone replacement therapy. Twenty-four prepubertal short normal children (11 boys and 13 girls, aged 5.9\u201313 yr, body weight within \u00b110% of ideal weight) served as controls. MRI studies revealed an ectopic posterior pituitary at the infundibular recess in all patients. A residual vascular component of the pituitary stalk was visualized in 8 patients with isolated GHD (group 1), whereas MRI showed the absence of the pituitary stalk (vascular and neural components) in the remaining 10 patients (group 2), of whom 8 had multiple pituitary hormone deficiency and 2 had isolated GHD. In the short normal children, the mean peak GH response to GHRH (24.8 \u00b1 4.4 \u03bcg\/L) was significantly lower than that observed after Hex treatment (48.1 \u00b1 4.9 \u03bcg\/L; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In the GHD patients of group 2, the mean peak GH responses to GHRH (1.4 \u00b1 0.3 \u03bcg\/L) and Hex (0.9 \u00b1 0.3 \u03bcg\/L) were similar and markedly low. In the patients of group 1, the GH responses to GHRH (8.7 \u00b1 1.3 \u03bcg\/L) and Hex (7.0 \u00b1 1.3 \u03bcg\/L) were also similar, but were significantly higher that those observed in group 2 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In the whole group of patients, a significant correlation was found between the GH peaks after Hex and those after GHRH (r = 0.746; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In this study we have confirmed that the integrity of the hypothalamic pituitary connections is essential for Hex to express its full GH-releasing activity and that Hex is able to stimulate GH secretion in patients with GHD but with a residual vascular component of the pituitary stalk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.11.5242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T17:02:29Z","timestamp":1389200549000},"page":"3886-3889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Growth Hormone Response to Hexarelin in Patients with Different Hypothalamic-Pituitary Abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Maghnie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Pediatrica (M.M., V.S., F.S.), di Pavia, Pavia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Spica-Russotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Pediatrica (M.M., V.S., F.S.), di Pavia, Pavia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pediatria, Ospedale Bambino Gesu\u0300, IRCCS (M.C.), Palidoro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Autelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servizio Analisi Chimico Cliniche (M.A.), di Pavia, Pavia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Tinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servizio di Biometria (C.T.), Policlinico S. Matteo, Universita\u0301 di Pavia, Pavia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Civolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servizio di Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Regionale per le Microcitemie (P.C., S.L.), Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romano","family":"Deghenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Europeptides (R.D.), Argenteuil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Severi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Pediatrica (M.M., V.S., F.S.), di Pavia, Pavia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Loche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servizio di Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Regionale per le Microcitemie (P.C., S.L.), Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071621472322200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.18.5.0316","article-title":"Peptidomimetic regulation of growth hormone secretion.","volume":"18","author":"Smith,","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5277.974","article-title":"A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that function in growth hormone release.","volume":"243","author":"Howard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-6-2791","article-title":"The synergistic effect of His-d-Trp-Ala-Trp-d-Phe-Lys-NH2 on growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor-stimulated GH release and intracellular adenosine 3\u2032,5\u2032-monophosphate accumulation in rat primary pituitary cell culture.","volume":"124","author":"Cheng","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3337","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-6-3337","article-title":"Evidence for a role of protein kinase-C in His-d-Trp-Ala-Trp-d-Phe-Lys-NH2-induced growth hormone release from rat primary pituitary cells.","volume":"129","author":"Cheng","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R5","first-page":"2692","article-title":"The effect of hexarelin on growth hormone (GH) secretion in patients with GH deficiency.","volume":"80","author":"Loche","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R6","first-page":"942","article-title":"Blocked growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP-6)-induced GH secretion and absence of the synergic action of GHRP-6 plus GH-releasing hormone in patients with hypothalamopituitary disconnection: evidence that GHRP-6 main action is exerted at the hypothalamic level.","volume":"80","author":"Popovic","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.00789.x","article-title":"Dynamic MRI in the congenital agenesis of the neural pituitary stalk syndrome: the role of the vascular pituitary stalk in predicting residual anterior pituitary function.","volume":"45","author":"Maghnie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1350198","article-title":"Growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone varies with the hypothalamic pituitary abnormalities.","volume":"135","author":"Maghnie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R9","first-page":"674","article-title":"The growth hormone-releasing activity of hexarelin, a new synthetic hexapeptide, in short normal and obese children, and in hypopituitary subjects.","volume":"80","author":"Loche","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.193.2.7972767","article-title":"Evolving pituitary hormone deficiency is associated with pituitary vasculopaty: dynamic MR study in children with hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, and Langherans cell histiocyosis.","volume":"193","author":"Maghnie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-4-2027","article-title":"On the actions of the growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide, GHRP.","volume":"128","author":"Bowers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071621472322200_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1350481","article-title":"1994 Mechanism of action of hexarelin. 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