{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:07:06Z","timestamp":1788556026239,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe four cases of symptomatic pneumocranium, a rare, potentially life-threatening complication of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Symptomatic pneumocranium manifested as impaired mental status, headaches, and grand mal seizures, early in the postoperative course after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Furthermore, a Cushing response, including systemic hypertension and bradycardia (secondary to intracranial hypertension) was seen, which has not been previously described in association with symptomatic pneumocranium. We describe a previously unreported risk factor for tension pneumocranium, untreated obstructive sleep apnea. Other factors predisposing to tension pneumocranium in our patients included: cerebrospinal fluid leaks, postoperative positive-pressure mask ventilation, large pituitary tumors, and intraoperative lumbar drainage catheters. Surgical drainage of the pneumocranium and repair of any coexistent cerebrospinal fluid leak markedly improved neurologic status.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Symptomatic pneumocranium occurring early in the postoperative course after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is rare, but prompt recognition and treatment of this condition can be life-saving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.12.6197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T17:03:55Z","timestamp":1389200635000},"page":"4731-4734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Tension Pneumocranium, a Rare Complication of Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery: Mayo Clinic Experience 1976\u20131998"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Sawka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Internal Medicine (A.M.S., J.P.A., W.F.Y., T.B.N.), Rochester, Minnesota 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