{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:28:51Z","timestamp":1760984931100},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. A low peak bone mass is regarded a risk factor for osteoporosis. Heredity, physical activity, and nutrition are regarded important measures for the observed variance in peak bone mass. Lp(a) lipoprotein is a well-known risk factor for atherosclerosis. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been found to be increased in males with early cardiovascular disease. In this study, we evaluated the association between bone mass, body constitution, muscle strength, Lp(a), and IGF-I in 47 Caucasian male adolescents (mean age, 16.9 yr). Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength of thigh using an isokinetic dynamometer, IGF-I by RIA, and Lp(a) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IGF-I was only associated with Lp(a) (r = 0.38, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Lp(a) was related to total body (r= 0.40, P &amp;lt; 0.01), skull (r = 0.45, P &amp;lt; 0.01), and femoral neck BMD (r = 0.44, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Lp(a) was also related to fat mass (r = 0.34, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and muscle strength (r = 0.30\u20130.42, P &amp;lt; 0.05). After multiple regression and principal component (PC) analysis, the so-called PC body size (weight, fat mass, lean body mass, and muscle strength) was the most significant predictor of BMD (\u03b2 = 0.28\u20130.51, P &amp;lt; 0.05\u20130.01), followed by the so-called PC physical activity (\u03b2 = 0.28\u20130.38, P &amp;lt; 0.05\u20130.01, weight-bearing locations). However, the PC analysis confirmed that Lp(a) was an independent predictor of total body, skull, and femoral neck BMD (\u03b2 = 0.33\u20130.36, P &amp;lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The present investigation confirms that BMD, body size, and muscle strength are closely related and that the level of physical activity is a major determinant of BMD. However, the positive relation of Lp(a), a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, to BMD has not previously been described. The importance of this observation has to be further investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.9.5950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T17:04:36Z","timestamp":1389200676000},"page":"3025-3029","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Relation between Bone Mineral Density, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Lipoprotein (a), Body Composition, and Muscle Strength in Adolescent Males"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Kim","family":"Thorsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Unit (K.T., P.N., R.L.), S-901 87 Umea\u030a, Sweden"},{"name":"National Institute of Working Life (K.T.), S-907 13 Umea\u030a, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nordstro\u0308m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Unit (K.T., P.N., R.L.), S-901 87 Umea\u030a, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Geriatrics (P.N.), S-901 87 Umea\u030a, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Lorentzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Unit (K.T., P.N., R.L.), S-901 87 Umea\u030a, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Go\u0308sta H.","family":"Dahle\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry (G.H.D.), Umea\u030a University, S-901 87 Umea\u030a, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071618060368700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90218-E","volume":"94","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2020071618060368700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70193-8","article-title":"Influences on skeletal mineralization in children and adolescents: evidence for varying effects of sexual maturation and physical activity.","volume":"125","author":"Slemenda","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2020071618060368700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080102","article-title":"Heritable and life-style determinants of bone mineral density.","volume":"8","author":"Krall","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071618060368700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(96)00163-9","article-title":"High bone mass and altered relationships between bone mass, muscle strength, and body constitution in adolescent boys on a high level of physical activity.","volume":"19","author":"Nordstro\u0308m","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2020071618060368700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-10-1-68","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factors I and II. 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