{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T04:07:19Z","timestamp":1746158839750,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study made use of the female transsexual model and sought to evaluate the contributions of the ovarian, endometrial, and breast tissues to the androgen up-regulated production of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Serum levels of PSA were significantly raised in female transsexuals before surgery, after long-term androgen therapy (mean \u00b1 se = 35.3 \u00b1 6.2 pg\/mL) when compared with female transsexuals before surgery, but with no androgen therapy (mean \u00b1 se = 1.53 \u00b1 0.25 pg\/mL). In addition, in androngenized female transsexuals, after surgery, concentrations of PSA (mean \u00b1 se = 14.5 \u00b1 2.8 pg\/mL) were significantly lowered compared with androngenized female transsexuals after surgery, but the levels were, nevertheless, significantly higher than in normal females. Monthly im injection of 250 mg Sustanon-250 to female transsexuals had raised serum testosterone levels to within the male range. In five subjects, in whom serial measurements were taken, serum testosterone levels were greatly raised 24 h after the testosterone therapy; the mean level (\u00b1se) was 19.5 \u00b1 2.1 ng\/mL. But in spite of these high testosterone levels, serum PSA levels (mean \u00b1 se= 2.2 \u00b1 0.9 pg\/mL) were not significantly raised. However, after 12 months of androgen therapy, the mean (\u00b1se) PSA level in these five subjects was 47 \u00b1 11.6 pg\/mL and was significantly higher than the mean level in nonandrogenized female transsexuals. The present study confirmed that high levels of testosterone were able to up-regulate PSA production in women. This up-regulation of PSA production is both a dose- and time-dependent process. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that breast tissues are possibly a nonprostatic source of androgen up-regulated production of PSA women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.9.6006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T17:04:36Z","timestamp":1389200676000},"page":"3313-3315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breast Tissues in Transsexual Women\u2013A Nonprostatic Source of Androgen Up-Regulated Production of Prostate-Specific Antigen"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Victor H. 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