{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:29:36Z","timestamp":1761895776831},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term therapy with protease inhibitors (PIs) can induce hypertriglyceridemia and development of a lipodystrophy. To better understand these metabolic alterations, the apoprotein and lipoparticle profile was investigated in male HIV patients under antiretroviral therapy: 49 received PIs, and 14 were given only two reverse transcriptase inhibitors. As controls, 63 male subjects were selected from a population study carried out in the Toulouse, France, area. Fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were also determined. All patients under PIs displayed low levels of plasma glucose and increased insulin. PI administration was associated with moderate hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I levels. The most striking changes were a 2- to 3-fold increase in apo E and apo C-III, essentially recovered as associated to apo B-containing lipoparticles. Levels of those lipoparticles were two to eight times above control values. About 50% of PI-treated patients had developed a patent lipodystrophy. Multivariate analysis revealed that, among the investigated parameters, apo C-III was the only one found strongly associated with the occurrence of lipodystrophy (odds ratio, 5.5; P &amp;lt; 0.015). Finally, 13 PI-receiving subjects with patent hypertriglyceridemia were given fenofibrate and were reevaluated 2 months later. Triglycerides, apo E, apo C-III, and the corresponding lipoparticles had returned to nearly normal levels. These results document the accumulation of potentially atherogenic lipoparticles under PIs. Apo C-III may play a pivotal role in the development of hypertriglyceridemia and lipodystrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.1.7164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T17:06:14Z","timestamp":1389200774000},"page":"296-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Apoprotein C-III and E-Containing Lipoparticles Are Markedly Increased in HIV-Infected Patients Treated with Protease Inhibitors: Association with the Development of Lipodystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Maladies Infectieuses (E.B., P.M.), 31059 Toulouse-Ce\u0301dex, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Bernard","family":"Ruidavets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale U518 (J.-B.R., J.Fe.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 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