{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T02:35:30Z","timestamp":1779935730204,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Type 2 diabetes, with its hallmark being insulin resistance, constitutes the majority of cases. Although usually related to modifiable risk factors, insulin resistance can have genetic causes. Here, we present one of the rare causes of insulin resistance. A 21-year-old man, who was deaf and blind, presented with a 3-week history of polyuria and polydipsia. He was found to have significant hyperglycemia, managed initially with insulin infusion, then he was transitioned to subcutaneous injections. Because he required high doses of insulin and had acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance was suspected. Putting together his insulin resistance and chronic history of syndromic features, Alstr\u00f6m syndrome was considered. Genetic testing revealed a mutation in the ALMS1 gene. The patient was then started on insulin sensitizers with a tapering of insulin with good response. Insulin resistance should be suspected if the insulin requirement is high and if acanthosis nigricans is present. Alstr\u00f6m syndrome is a rare causes of insulin resistance. Affected individuals will usually have insulin-resistant diabetes by a young age and associated blindness and deafness. Insulin sensitizers are an important part of the treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcemcr\/luac012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T09:22:27Z","timestamp":1669713747000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Alstr\u00f6m Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Severe Insulin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2785-9398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhaib","family":"Radi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Jeddah 22384 , Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , Jeddah 22384 , Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs , Jeddah 22384 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Binmahfooz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 22252 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah","family":"Nawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs , Jeddah 22384 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hebah","family":"Malaikah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs , Jeddah 22384 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100215445180300_luac012-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2998","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2998","article-title":"Distinguishing between type 1 and type 2 diabetes","volume":"370","author":"Butler","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023100215445180300_luac012-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30186-9","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults","volume":"6","author":"Lascar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023100215445180300_luac012-B3","first-page":"19","article-title":"Insulin and insulin resistance","volume":"26","author":"Wilcox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"2023100215445180300_luac012-B4","volume-title":"Insulin 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