{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T12:15:54Z","timestamp":1779279354450,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The optimal approach to hormonal treatment aimed at increasing penis size has been established for infant males with micropenis; however, data are limited in partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS). We report a 6-month-old male patient treated with intramuscular testosterone for micropenis. At birth, he presented with atypical genitalia, including a microphallus, hypospadias, and a bifid scrotum. His karyotype was 46,XY, and endocrine evaluation revealed normal testicular function. A novel missense variant of the AR gene (p.G578E) was identified. Intramuscular testosterone enanthate 62.5\u2005mg\/dose was administered every 4 weeks for 3 doses (6-8 months). Stretched penile length increased from 18 to 30\u2005mm (+67%) without adverse events. During treatment, luteinizing hormone secretion was suppressed, with trough levels falling below the limit of detection, consistent with androgen-mediated negative feedback. Luteinizing hormone levels during mini-puberty in response to testosterone treatment, supporting testosterone therapy in patients with PAIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcemcr\/luag098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:43:40Z","timestamp":1774010620000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Testosterone treatment for micropenis in partial androgen insensitivity syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1793-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Shuto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine , Yufu, Oita 879-5593 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4894-5356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoyo","family":"Itonaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine , Yufu, Oita 879-5593 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumika","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine , Yufu, Oita 879-5593 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miwako","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine , Yufu, Oita 879-5593 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oita Prefectural Hospital , Oita, Oita 870-0855 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8831-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Ihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine , Yufu, Oita 879-5593 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026052007565519400_luag098-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071268","article-title":"Different clinical presentations and management in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS)","volume":"16","author":"Lanciotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026052007565519400_luag098-B2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Androgen receptor defects: historical, clinical, and molecular 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