{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T18:56:43Z","timestamp":1779217003797,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Insulin edema is a rare complication of insulin therapy in both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), typically following the initiation or intensification of treatment. It has been associated with both long-acting and short-acting insulin formulations and is most observed in newly diagnosed patients. We report on the case of a 13-year-old patient with recurrent insulin edema, first occurring after the initiation of insulin therapy and again following the transition to a closed-loop insulin pump system. The diagnosis of insulin edema was made after excluding cardiac, renal, and hepatic dysfunction. The first episode required a 3-day course of diuretic therapy, along with fluid restriction and a low-sodium diet. The second episode occurred following the initiation of insulin pump therapy and resolved within 3 days after a single dose of diuretic treatment combined with a low-sodium diet and fluid restriction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcemcr\/luag118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T11:57:09Z","timestamp":1775649429000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recurrent insulin edema in an adolescent with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0599-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lala","family":"Mammadova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Rhode Island Hospital\/Hasbro Children's, Brown University Health , Providence, RI 02903 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7774-6042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Delano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Rhode Island Hospital\/Hasbro Children's, Brown University Health , Providence, RI 02903 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0155-1731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Hugo","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Rhode Island Hospital\/Hasbro Children's, Brown University Health , Providence, RI 02903 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Bernardo","family":"Quintos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Rhode Island Hospital\/Hasbro Children's, Brown University Health , Providence, RI 02903 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital\/Hasbro Children's Brown University Health , Providence, RI 02903 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6187","key":"2026042406361530900_luag118-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6187.445-a","article-title":"Diabetic (insulin) oedema","volume":"2","author":"Lawrence","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026042406361530900_luag118-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02241.x","article-title":"Bilateral pleural effusions, ascites, and facial and peripheral oedema in a 19-year-old woman 2 weeks following commencement of insulin lispro and detemir\u2014an unusual presentation of insulin oedema","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026042406361530900_luag118-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(04)00960-6","article-title":"The edematogenic properties of insulin","volume":"44","author":"Kalambokis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026042406361530900_luag118-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2014.07.001","article-title":"Severe weight gain and generalized insulin edema after the starting of an insulin pump","volume":"39","author":"Greco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026042406361530900_luag118-B5","first-page":"381","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus patient presented with insulin edema only after intensive lifestyle changes: a case 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