{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:02:55Z","timestamp":1789642975776,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and dual GLP-1\/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists are increasingly prescribed for obesity and type 2 diabetes, but eyelid gland pathology has not previously been reported with these agents. We describe what we believe to be the first reported case series of 2 patients who developed multiple simultaneous internal hordeola after starting tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1\/GIP receptor agonist. Patient 1, a 44-year-old woman, developed 6 simultaneous hordeola 4 weeks after dose escalation, 5 of which progressed to chalazia; lesions lessened after tirzepatide discontinuation and worsened upon rechallenge, a positive rechallenge providing strong evidence of causality. Patient 2, a 73-year-old woman with mild pre-existing blepharitis, developed 6 simultaneous hordeola 10 weeks after initiation of her 5\u2005mg dose, 2 of which progressed to chalazia. Both patients lacked classic infectious blepharitis signs despite active lesions, supporting a sterile, obstructive meibomian gland process rather than infection, though both found the recurrences bothersome. These cases suggest a possible, previously undescribed association between tirzepatide and simultaneous or recurrent meibomian gland obstruction. Clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse eyelid effect and pursue conservative ophthalmic management before considering medication changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jcemcr\/luag284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:21:56Z","timestamp":1788520916000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simultaneous and recurrent hordeola and chalazia associated with tirzepatide therapy: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1601-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Kolker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Ophthalmology, Eye Doctors of Washington , Washington, D.C. 20036 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ocular adnexal and ocular surface changes linked to GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"14","author":"Kapantais","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091706215772900_luag284-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.3.29","article-title":"Isotretinoin impairs the secretory function of meibomian gland via the PPAR\u03b3 signaling pathway","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091706215772900_luag284-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00737-6","article-title":"The effect of oral isotretinoin therapy on meibomian gland characteristics in patients with acne vulgaris","volume":"12","author":"Zakrzewska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091706215772900_luag284-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-02205-1","article-title":"The effect of isotretinoin on meibomian glands in eyes: a pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Gurlevik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091706215772900_luag284-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997c","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland","volume":"52","author":"Knop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091706215772900_luag284-B8","first-page":"e101212","article-title":"The impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists on acne, hidradenitis, and sebaceous activity","volume":"18","author":"Jabin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026091706215772900_luag284-B9","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Gurnani","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091706215772900_luag284-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997a","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: executive summary","volume":"52","author":"Nichols","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091706215772900_luag284-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2001.111018","article-title":"Multiple recurrent hordeola associated with selective IgM deficiency","volume":"5","author":"Kiratli","year":"2001","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091706215772900_luag284-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6514","article-title":"Human meibum lipid conformation and thermodynamic changes with meibomian-gland dysfunction","volume":"52","author":"Borchman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091706215772900_luag284-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1159\/000544023","article-title":"Dermatologic implications of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist medications","volume":"11","author":"Burke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord"}],"container-title":["JCEM Case 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