{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:26:10Z","timestamp":1790285170342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We hypothesize that impaired glucocorticoid sensitivity (GC sensitivity) plays a role in the development of premature adrenarche (PA) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) by increasing androgen synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To study glucocorticoid sensitivity in vitro in subjects with PA and PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fourteen subjects (10 girls, 4 boys, 6.9 \u00b1 0.6 years) with PA; 27 subjects with PCOS (17 \u00b1 2.5 years) and 31 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All subjects and controls underwent GC sensitivity analysis in vitro using a fluorescein labeled-dexamethasone (F-DEX) assay. A GC sensitivity index (GCSI) was calculated as area under the curve of the F-DEX assay results. Subjects were classified as GC resistant if the GCSI \u2264 264 and GC sensitive if the GCSI \u2265 386.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the PA group, 8 of 14 subjects were resistant with GCSI of 179.7 \u00b1 39.9, 4 were within the normal range with GCSI of 299.6 \u00b1 27.9, and 2 had increased GC sensitivity with GCSI of 423.5 \u00b1 47.9. In the PCOS group, 18 of 27 subjects were GC-resistant with GCSI of 180.9 \u00b1 58.2, 8 were within the normal range with GCSI of 310.7 \u00b1 26.4, and 1 had increased GCSI of 395.4. In the PCOS GC-resistant subgroup, cortisol was higher compared with PCOS with normal GCSI (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In the combined PCOS plus female control group, GCSI correlated negatively with cortisol and testosterone (P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>GC resistance was found in more than 50% of patients with PCOS and PA. The findings strongly suggest that GC resistance is associated with states of PA and PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T16:41:27Z","timestamp":1596559287000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Glucocorticoid Resistance in Premature Adrenarche and PCOS: From Childhood to Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Aristotle","family":"Panayiotopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1443-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrit","family":"Bhangoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, CHOC Children\u2019s\u2019 Hospital, Orange, 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