{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:57:04Z","timestamp":1789192624626,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17H06428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H06428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H00539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H00539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20ek0109464h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ek0109464h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007786","name":"National Center for Child Health and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019A-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and olfactory dysfunction. Although SOX10, a causative gene for Waardenburg syndrome (WS) and peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central demyelination, WS, and Hirschsprung disease (PCWH) has previously been implicated in KS, the clinical significance of SOX10 variants as the cause of KS remains uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 117 patients with KS underwent mutation screening of SOX10 and 14 other causative genes for KS\/HH. Rare SOX10 variants were subjected to in silico and in vitro analyses. We also examined clinical data of the patients and their parents with SOX10 variants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sequence analysis identified 2 heterozygous variants of SOX10 (c.1225G &amp;gt; T, p.Gly409* and c.475C &amp;gt; T, p.Arg159Trp) in patients 1\u20133, as well as in the parents of patients 1 and 3. The variants were assessed as pathogenic\/likely pathogenic, according to the American College of Medical Genomics guidelines. Both variants lacked in vitro transactivating activity for the MITF promoter and exerted no dominant-negative effects. Patients 1\u20133 carried no pathogenic variants in other genes examined. The patients presented with typical KS, while such features were absent in the parents of patients 1 and 3. None of the 5 variant-positive individuals exhibited hypopigmentation, while 1 and 2 individuals exhibited complete and partial hearing loss, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results provide evidence that SOX10 haploinsufficiency accounts for a small percentage of KS cases. SOX10 haploinsufficiency is likely to be associated with a broad phenotypic spectrum, which includes KS without other clinical features of WS\/PCWH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T05:47:11Z","timestamp":1617169631000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>SOX10<\/i>Mutation Screening for 117 Patients with Kallmann Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1172-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirohito","family":"Shima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etsuro","family":"Tokuhiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Fujisawa City Hospital, 251-8550, Fujisawa, 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