{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T22:55:12Z","timestamp":1786402512650,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acromegaly (ACM) and Cushing\u2019s disease (CD) are caused by functioning pituitary adenomas secreting growth hormone and ACTH respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the impact of race on presentation and postoperative outcomes in adults with ACM and CD, which has not yet been evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is a retrospective study of consecutive patients operated at a large-volume pituitary center. We evaluated (1) racial distribution of patients residing in the metropolitan area (Metro, N\u2005=\u2005124) vs 2010 US census data, and(2) presentation and postoperative outcomes in Black vs White for patients from the entire catchment area (N\u2005=\u2005241).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For Metro area (32.4% Black population), Black patients represented 16.75% ACM (P\u2005=\u2005.006) and 29.2% CD (P\u2005=\u2005.56). Among the total 112 patients with ACM, presentations with headaches or incidentaloma were more common in Black patients (76.9% vs 31% White, P\u2005=\u2005.01). Black patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes (54% vs 16% White, P\u2005=\u2005.005), significantly lower insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 deviation from normal (P\u2005=\u2005.03) and borderline lower median growth hormone levels (P\u2005=\u2005.09). Mean tumor diameter and proportion of tumors with cavernous sinus invasion were similar. Three-month biochemical remission (46% Black, 55% White, P\u2005=\u2005.76) and long-term IGF-1 control by multimodality therapy (92.3% Black, 80.5% White, P\u2005=\u2005.45) were similar. Among the total 129 patients with CD, Black patients had more hypopituitarism (69% vs 45% White, P\u2005=\u2005.04) and macroadenomas (33% vs 15% White, P\u2005=\u2005.05). At 3 months, remission rate was borderline higher in White (92% vs 78% Black, P\u2005=\u20050.08), which was attributed to macroadenomas by logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified disparities regarding racial distribution, and clinical and biochemical characteristics in ACM, suggesting late or missed diagnosis in Black patients. Large nationwide studies are necessary to confirm our findings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T05:23:18Z","timestamp":1638336198000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Racial Disparities in Acromegaly and Cushing\u2019s Disease: A Referral Center Study in 241 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5292-9802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana G","family":"Ioachimescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neevedita","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Emory School of 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