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Here, we use chemical inhibition and genetic knockdown to identify a role for KDM5 activity during early stages of white and brown preadipocyte differentiation, with specific effects on white adipocyte clonal expansion, and white and brown adipocyte gene expression and mitochondrial activity. In white adipogenesis, KDM5 activity modulates H3K4 histone methylation at the Dlk1 gene promoter to repress gene expression and promote progression from preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. In brown adipogenesis, KDM5 activity modulates H3K4 methylation and gene expression of Ucp1, which is required for thermogenesis. Unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed that KDM5 activity regulates genes associated with cell cycle regulation and mitochondrial function, and this was confirmed by functional analyses of cell proliferation and cellular bioenergetics. Using genetic knockdown, we demonstrate that KDM5C is the likely KDM5 family member that is responsible for regulation of white and brown preadipocyte programming. Given that KDM5C levels are higher in females compared to males, our findings suggest that sex differences in white and brown preadipocyte gene regulation may contribute to sex differences in adipose tissue function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvae029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T04:43:44Z","timestamp":1707972224000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gene Regulation and Mitochondrial Activity During White and Brown Adipogenesis Are Modulated by KDM5 Histone Demethylase"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Vergnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie B","family":"Wiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , 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