{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:47:07Z","timestamp":1787021227033,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015521","name":"Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Context<\/jats:title>\n Insufficient efficacy and safety data for off-label use of aromatase inhibitors to augment height in boys with short stature.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To compare anastrozole and letrozole in treatment of idiopathic short stature in pubertal boys.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Open-label trial with 2 treatment arms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Pediatric Endocrine Clinic at Stanford.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n A total of 79 pubertal males \u226510 years with bone age (BA) \u2264 14 years, predicted adult height (PAH) &lt; 5th percentile or &gt;10\u2005cm below mid-parental height.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Intervention<\/jats:title>\n Anastrozole 1.0\u2005mg or letrozole 2.5\u2005mg daily for up to 3 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n Annual hormone levels and growth parameters during treatment and a year posttherapy; annual BA and PAH (primary outcome measure); spine x-rays and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Compared with anastrozole (n = 35), letrozole (n = 30) resulted in higher testosterone levels, lower estradiol and IGF-1 levels, and slower growth velocity and BA advance. The PAH increase observed at year 1 in both groups did not persist at years 2 and 3. Change in PAH from baseline was not different between treatment groups. In groups combined, PAH gain over 3 years vs baseline was +1.3\u2005cm (P = .043) in linear mixed models.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Letrozole caused greater deviations than anastrozole in hormone levels, growth velocity, and BA advancement, but no group differences in PAH or side effects were found. Change in PAH after 2 to 3 years of treatment was minimal. The efficacy of AI as monotherapy for height augmentation in pubertal boys with idiopathic short stature may be limited, and safety remains an issue.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvae141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T23:36:00Z","timestamp":1724715360000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anastrozole vs Letrozole to Augment Height in Pubertal Males With Idiopathic Short Stature: A 3-Year Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Walter","family":"Zegarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA 94305-5660 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayali","family":"Ranadive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation , Palo Alto, CA 94301 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Toulan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation , Palo Alto, CA 94301 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4003-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E Kirk","family":"Neely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA 94305-5660 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2024092602260272500_bvae141-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1159\/000444525","article-title":"Early detection, referral, investigation, and diagnosis of children with growth disorders","volume":"85","author":"Savage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"17","key":"2024092602260272500_bvae141-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3970","article-title":"Idiopathic short stature: a clinical review","volume":"311","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024092602260272500_bvae141-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4210","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0509","article-title":"Consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic short stature: a summary of the growth hormone research society, the lawson wilkins pediatric endocrine society, and the European society for paediatric endocrinology workshop","volume":"93","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092602260272500_bvae141-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.3.263","article-title":"Estimated cost-effectiveness of growth hormone therapy for idiopathic short stature","volume":"160","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092602260272500_bvae141-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2007.11.004","article-title":"Idiopathic short stature: definition, epidemiology, and diagnostic evaluation","volume":"18","author":"Wit","year":"2008","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092602260272500_bvae141-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.161","article-title":"Aromatase inhibitors in pediatrics","volume":"8","author":"Wit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092602260272500_bvae141-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0016","article-title":"History of aromatase: saga of an important biological mediator and therapeutic target","volume":"30","author":"Santen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092602260272500_bvae141-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.3.751","article-title":"Influence of letrozole and anastrozole on total body aromatization and plasma estrogen levels in postmenopausal breast cancer patients evaluated in a randomized, cross-over study","volume":"20","author":"Geisler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024092602260272500_bvae141-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2005.11.013","article-title":"Are all aromatase inhibitors the same? 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