{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:11:31Z","timestamp":1790964691318,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although initially considered rare and associated with solid tumors, concurrent elevations in PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) and calcitriol have been increasingly detected in hypercalcemic patients with a variety of solid and hematologic malignancies. This review discusses the prevalence and pathophysiology and reevaluates the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of PTHrP and calcitriol co-mediated hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Acquisition<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed using multiple combinations of \u201chypercalcemia of malignancy,\u201d PTHrP,\u201d \u201ccalcitriol,\u201d \u201ccombined causes,\u201d and \u201cconcurrent etiologies\u201d and cross-referenced retrieved articles to identify 2 retrospective chart reviews and 17 HCM cases associated with concurrent elevations in PTHrP and calcitriol. Given the scarcity of articles pertaining to co-mediated cases, we contrasted these with literature regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of isolated humoral and calcitriol-mediated HCM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The true prevalence of concomitant PTHrP and calcitriol elevations is difficult to determine since these levels are seldom measured simultaneously when evaluating PTH-independent hypercalcemia and vary with tumor type. Malignant tissue is generally considered the source of PTHrP, but the source of calcitriol and the impact of PTHrP on calcitriol synthesis remain controversial. Although most reports suggest that co-mediated hypercalcemia is refractory to antiresorptive and glucocorticoid therapies, long-lasting resolution is associated with cancer remission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Registry-based studies involving cohorts with thorough diagnostic evaluations and randomized control trials are indicated to clarify the prevalence and optimal approach to the management of PTHrP and calcitriol co-mediated HCM. Although IV bisphosphonates and glucocorticoids should be used to alleviate symptomatic hypercalcemia, cancer-targeted therapy is integral to prevent recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T07:24:51Z","timestamp":1750058691000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of Concurrently Elevated PTHrP and Calcitriol"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-9497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa L","family":"Kometas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390-8885 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0997-283X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naim M","family":"Maalouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390-8885 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1049-0647","article-title":"Diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of hypercalcemia in malignancy: a review of the literature","volume":"51","author":"Asonitis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2113128","article-title":"Cancer-associated hypercalcemia","volume":"386","author":"Guise","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.15.3.234","article-title":"Hypercalcemia of malignancy with simultaneous elevation in serum parathyroid hormone--related peptide and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Shivnani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvab157","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab157","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic workup and etiology of hypercalcemia of malignancy in a cohort of 167 551 patients over 20 years","volume":"5","author":"Sheehan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-7-499","article-title":"Cancer-associated hypercalcemia: morbidity and mortality. Clinical experience in 126 treated patients","volume":"112","author":"Ralston","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422131","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1422131","article-title":"Case report: ectopic production of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) by malignoma mimicking primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"14","author":"Wendt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2095","article-title":"Hypercalcemia of malignancy due to ectopic transactivation of the parathyroid hormone gene","volume":"91","author":"VanHouten","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon953w","article-title":"Hypercalcemia of malignancy and colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Galindo","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B9","first-page":"102667","article-title":"Hypercalcemia of malignancy in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with simultaneous PTHrP and calcitriol overproduction: a case report with literature review","volume":"68","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B10","first-page":"2583217","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in lung cancer due to simultaneously elevated PTHrP and ectopic calcitriol production: first case report","volume":"2017","author":"Nemr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol Med"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B11","first-page":"2475725","article-title":"Successful treatment for hypercalcemia due to cosecretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in non-small-cell lung cancer: a case report and literature review","volume":"2020","author":"Ogawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep Pulmonol"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B12","first-page":"2608392","article-title":"Hypercalcemia of malignancy in thymic carcinoma: evolving mechanisms of hypercalcemia and targeted therapies","volume":"2017","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B13","first-page":"100289","article-title":"Simultaneous PTHrp- and calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia associated with probable spontaneous transformation of lung adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cancer Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B14","first-page":"241","article-title":"Concurrent PTHrp- and calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia associated with cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"65","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910801)68:3<642::AID-CNCR2820680334>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"The role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the maintenance of hypercalcemia in a patient with an ovarian carcinoma producing parathyroid hormone-related protein","volume":"68","author":"Hoekman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B16","first-page":"81","article-title":"Successful management of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in A patient with ovarian cancer","volume":"43","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Yonago Acta Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344128","article-title":"Persistent and moderate hypercalcemia related to an ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma: pre- and postoperative parathyroid hormone related-peptide and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels","volume":"29","author":"Benit","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.11.009","article-title":"PTHrP, calcitonin and calcitriol in a case of severe, protracted and refractory hypercalcemia due to a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"40","author":"Van den Eynden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-14-32","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and PTHrP mediated malignant hypercalcemia in a seminoma","volume":"14","author":"Rodriguez-Gutierrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"SAT-346","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa046.685","article-title":"SAT-346 Hypercalcemia secondary to calcitriol and PTHrP cosecretion only responsive to hydroxychloroquine","volume":"4","author":"Panvelker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-06054-7","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma due to cosecretion of PTHrP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D","volume":"32","author":"Gonciulea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"803","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.68.803.753","article-title":"Elevated serum parathyroid hormone related protein and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in hypercalcaemia associated with adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma","volume":"68","author":"Johnston","year":"1992","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1115","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz278","article-title":"Calcitriol elevation is associated with a higher risk of refractory hypercalcemia of malignancy in solid tumors","volume":"105","author":"Chukir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1177\/23993693231159175","article-title":"Hypercalcemia of malignancy with simultaneous production of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by non-hodgkin lymphoma: case report & brief review","volume":"7","author":"Carias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Onco-Nephrology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp042806","article-title":"Clinical practice. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer","volume":"352","author":"Stewart","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004193221603","article-title":"Immunochemical characterization of circulating parathyroid hormone-related protein in patients with humoral hypercalcemia of cancer","volume":"322","author":"Burtis","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2015.10.012","article-title":"Prevalence of hypercalcemia of malignancy among cancer patients in the UK: analysis of the clinical practice research datalink database","volume":"39","author":"Jick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.749","article-title":"Prevalence of hypercalcemia among cancer patients in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Gastanaga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2016.016980","article-title":"In response to \u201ccancer-related hypercalcemia\u201d","volume":"12","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-10-807","article-title":"Increased serum levels of a parathyroid hormone-like protein in malignancy-associated hypercalcemia","volume":"111","author":"Budayr","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.391","article-title":"Immunocytochemical demonstration of PTHrP protein in neoplastic tissue of HTLV-1 positive human adult T cell leukaemia\/lymphoma: implications for the mechanism of hypercalcaemia","volume":"64","author":"Moseley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.3.759","article-title":"Constitutive expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein gene in human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers and adult T cell leukemia patients that can be trans-activated by HTLV-1 tax gene","volume":"172","author":"Watanabe","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(88)90265-3","article-title":"Expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in a human T cell lymphotrophic virus type I-infected T cell line","volume":"154","author":"Motokura","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-6-484","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma","volume":"111","author":"Motokura","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.12.017","article-title":"Incidence of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy among hypercalcemic patients with cancer","volume":"453","author":"Szymanski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118453926.ch27","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein","volume-title":"Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism","author":"Wysolmerski"},{"issue":"4817","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3616618","article-title":"A parathyroid hormone-related protein implicated in malignant hypercalcemia: cloning and expression","volume":"237","author":"Suva","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B38","first-page":"607","article-title":"Differences in bone and vitamin D metabolism between primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy-associated hypercalcemia","volume":"81","author":"Nakayama","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050602","article-title":"Continuous PTH and PTHrP infusion causes suppression of bone formation and discordant effects on 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D","volume":"20","author":"Horwitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02680.x","article-title":"Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in primary hyperparathyroidism depend on sex, body mass index, plasma phosphate and renal function","volume":"66","author":"Moosgaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.12.76","article-title":"The multifaceted actions of PTHrP in skeletal metastasis","volume":"8","author":"Soki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B42","first-page":"801","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) does not regulate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D serum levels in hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"76","author":"Schilling","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-55-2-219","article-title":"Quantitative bone histomorphometry in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy: uncoupling of bone cell activity","volume":"55","author":"Stewart","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4833","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3685994","article-title":"Similarity of synthetic peptide from human tumor to parathyroid hormone in vivo and in vitro","volume":"238","author":"Horiuchi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007090981","article-title":"PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) in hypercalcemia","volume":"19","author":"Mundy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-114-3-888","article-title":"Biochemical and histomorphometric characterization of a rat model for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"114","author":"Insogna","year":"1984","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-119-1-303","article-title":"Pathogenesis of hypercalcemia in nude mice bearing a human renal carcinoma","volume":"119","author":"Strewler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B48","first-page":"E297","article-title":"Effect of parathyroid hormone-like peptides on 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in rodents","volume":"258","author":"Walker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020773","article-title":"Direct comparison of sustained infusion of human parathyroid hormone-related protein-(1\u201336) [hPTHrP-(1\u201336)] versus hPTH-(1\u201334) on serum calcium, plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and fractional calcium excretion in healthy human volunteers","volume":"88","author":"Horwitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.415","article-title":"A 7-day continuous infusion of PTH or PTHrP suppresses bone formation and uncouples bone turnover","volume":"26","author":"Horwitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090412","article-title":"Effects of treatment of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia on serum parathyroid hormone-related protein","volume":"9","author":"Budayr","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0274","article-title":"Altered selectivity of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) for distinct conformations of the PTH\/PTHrP receptor","volume":"22","author":"Dean","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"41","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28382","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.022905","article-title":"Structural basis for parathyroid hormone-related protein binding to the parathyroid hormone receptor and design of conformation-selective peptides","volume":"284","author":"Pioszak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-5-2057","article-title":"Suppression of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is caused by elaboration of a factor that inhibits renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production","volume":"124","author":"Fukumoto","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6816","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6816.1506","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone related protein and hypercalcaemia in breast cancer","volume":"303","author":"Bundred","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8976","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92328-4","article-title":"Humoral hypercalcaemia of \u201cbenignancy\u201d","volume":"346","author":"Knecht","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2016-1070","article-title":"Vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia: mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"37","author":"Tebben","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B58","first-page":"1202","article-title":"Abnormal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with malignant lymphoma","volume":"78","author":"Davies","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.3.579","article-title":"Vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia in lymphoma: evidence for hormone production by tumor-adjacent macrophages","volume":"18","author":"Hewison","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-9-199411010-00001","article-title":"Calcitriol production in hypercalcemic and normocalcemic patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"121","author":"Seymour","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.5.1383.1383","article-title":"Calcitriol: the major humoral mediator of hypercalcemia in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas","volume":"82","author":"Seymour","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5704","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030537","article-title":"Increased expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase gene in alveolar macrophages of patients with lung cancer","volume":"88","author":"Yokomura","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B63","first-page":"554","article-title":"Constitutive synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by a human small cell lung cancer cell line","volume":"79","author":"Mawer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9269","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04831-5","article-title":"25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase in normal and malignant colon tissue","volume":"357","author":"Tangpricha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R980","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1332","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin d3 1alpha-hydroxylase expression in breast cancer and use of non-1alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D analogue","volume":"7","author":"Segersten","year":"2005","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh082","article-title":"The prostate 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase is not influenced by parathyroid hormone and calcium: implications for prostate cancer chemoprevention by vitamin D","volume":"25","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s12018-009-9033-y","article-title":"Extra renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and its health implications","volume":"7","author":"Bikle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63343-3","article-title":"Increased expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase in dysgerminomas: a novel form of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"165","author":"Evans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B69","author":"Shane"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B70","article-title":"Approach to hypercalcemia","volume-title":"Endotext [Internet]","author":"Goltzman"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B71","first-page":"1959","article-title":"A practical approach to hypercalcemia","volume":"67","author":"Carroll","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02470312","article-title":"Onco-nephrology: the pathophysiology and treatment of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia","volume":"7","author":"Rosner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2023-0227","article-title":"Treatment of hypercalcaemia of malignancy in adults","volume":"23","author":"Mc Donald","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac621","article-title":"Treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy in adults: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"108","author":"El-Hajj Fuleihan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161060-00010","article-title":"Zoledronic acid","volume":"61","author":"Cheer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.7-6-481","article-title":"The use of zoledronic acid, a novel, highly potent bisphosphonate, for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"7","author":"Major","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.2.558","article-title":"Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a pooled analysis of two randomized, controlled clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Major","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3144","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1001","article-title":"Denosumab for treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"99","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B79","author":"Set C: Medicare Single Drug Pricing"},{"issue":"210","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B80","first-page":"165","article-title":"Studies of the hypercalcaemia of sarcoidosis: effect of steroids and exogenous vitamin D3 on the circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3","volume":"53","author":"Sandler","year":"1984","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071405562488500_bvaf104-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.161.4.755","article-title":"Characterization of 1 alpha-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 sterols by cultured alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"161","author":"Adams","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Exp Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Endocrine Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article-pdf\/9\/9\/bvaf104\/63742857\/bvaf104.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article-pdf\/9\/9\/bvaf104\/63742857\/bvaf104.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T09:56:41Z","timestamp":1752487001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf104\/8198797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf104","relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1972","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"article-number":"bvaf104"}}