{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:50:30Z","timestamp":1765525830340,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Finnish Foundation for Pediatric Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9lius Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015736","name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) require screening for endocrine manifestations, including diabetes mellitus (DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work aimed to describe changes in glucose homeostasis preceding DM onset in patients with APECED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 57 Finnish patients with APECED with at least 1 intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) performed between 1971 and 2001. Observations were compared between 2 groups: patients who developed DM (DM+) and those who did not (DM\u2212). Main outcome measures included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (INS), fractional glucose removal rate (KG), and first-phase insulin response (FPIR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-five IVGTTs were performed for 13 DM+ patients (54% females) at age 6.3 to 45.4 years before type 1 DM diagnosis at a median age of 25.0 years (range, 7.2-45.4 years) and 185 for 44 DM\u2212 patients (59% females) at age 5.9 to 61.5 years. All FPG values were between 2.9 and 6.3\u2005mmol\/L. Median (interquartile range) INS was significantly higher for the DM+ group at 9.05 mIU\/L (6.13-11.20) vs the DM\u2212 group 5.20\u2005mIU\/L (3.85-7.00; P = .010) at age younger than 20 years, but no statistically significant difference was found at age 20 to 40 years (4.50\u2005mIU\/L [4.00-8.00 mIU\/L] vs 5.00\u2005mIU\/L [4.00-9.00 mIU\/L]; P = .434). KG and FPIR correlated negatively with age in both groups (DM+, r = \u22120.393; P = .019; DM\u2212, r = \u22120.277; P &amp;lt; .001; DM+, rs = \u22120.588; P &amp;lt; .001; DM\u2212, rs = \u22120.217; P = .042, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucose tolerance decreases with age in patients with APECED. IVGTT-derived markers of glucose tolerance are not predictive of DM in APECED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T13:15:31Z","timestamp":1763644531000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests in Predicting Diabetes Onset in APECED: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Sandini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki FI-00290 ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014 ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saila","family":"Laakso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki FI-00290 ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014 ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki Biomedicum , Helsinki FI-00290 ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna-Kaisa","family":"Tuomaala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki FI-00290 ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki FI-00290 ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014 ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki Biomedicum , Helsinki FI-00290 ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm SE-17177 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi M","family":"Pald\u00e1nius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014 ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1297-399","article-title":"An autoimmune disease, APECED, caused by mutations in a novel gene featuring two PHD-type zinc-finger domains","volume":"17","author":"Aaltonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.2.1208","article-title":"A defect of regulatory T cells in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy","volume":"178","author":"Kek\u00e4l\u00e4inen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88782","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.88782","article-title":"Redefined clinical features and diagnostic criteria in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy","volume":"1","author":"Ferre","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"26","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199006283222601","article-title":"Clinical variation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy\u2013candidiasis\u2013ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a series of 68 patients","volume":"322","author":"Ahonen","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.2006.00643.x","article-title":"The role of the IDDM2 locus in the susceptibility of UK APS1 subjects to type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","author":"Adamson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Immunogenet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2010.33","article-title":"Risk of autoimmune diabetes in APECED: association with short alleles of the 5\u2032insulin VNTR","volume":"11","author":"Paquette","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17071106","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (APECED): a \u201crare\u201d manifestation in a \u201crare\u201d disease","volume":"17","author":"Fierabracci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e32836313eb","article-title":"Insights into type 1 diabetes from the autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes","volume":"20","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21346-6","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptional profiling of human thymic stroma uncovers novel cellular heterogeneity in the thymic medulla","volume":"12","author":"Bautista","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"20","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2320268121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2320268121","article-title":"Aire mediates tolerance to insulin through thymic trimming of high-affinity T cell clones","volume":"121","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2207","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa140","article-title":"Patients with APECED have increased early mortality due to endocrine causes, malignancies and infections","volume":"105","author":"Borchers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2006.19.11.1343","article-title":"Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in the Irish population","volume":"19","author":"Dominguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1821","article-title":"A longitudinal follow-up of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1","volume":"101","author":"Bruserud","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00139","article-title":"Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic landscape of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1","volume":"102","author":"Orlova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2611","article-title":"Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy","volume":"91","author":"Perheentupa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.29.11.824","article-title":"Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type I among Iranian Jews","volume":"29","author":"Zlotogora","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2461","article-title":"Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: an extensive longitudinal study in sardinian atients","volume":"97","author":"Meloni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8564","article-title":"AIRE mutations and human leukocyte antigen genotypes as determinants of the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy phenotype","volume":"87","author":"Halonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428779","article-title":"Autoantibodies against a novel 51 kDa islet antigen and glutamate decarboxylase isoforms in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I","volume":"37","author":"Velloso","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B20","first-page":"1488","article-title":"Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and insulin-dependent diabetes in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I","volume":"81","author":"Tuomi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01167.x","article-title":"Autoimmunity to glutamic acid decarboxylase in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy\u2013candidiasis\u2013ectodermal dystrophy (APECED)","volume":"119","author":"Klemetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"8791","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91061-C","article-title":"Response of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells to glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"339","author":"Atkinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4308-1","article-title":"Early prediction of autoimmune (type 1) diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Regnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00109","article-title":"Severe phenotype of APECED (APS1) increases risk for structural bone alterations","volume":"11","author":"Laakso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00283136","article-title":"The metabolic clearance of glucose: measurement and meaning","volume":"28","author":"Radziuk","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1487","article-title":"Use and abuse of HOMA modeling","volume":"27","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0607","article-title":"Expansion of the homeostasis model assessment of \u03b2-cell function and insulin resistance to enable clinical trial outcome modeling through the interactive adjustment of physiology and treatment effects: iHOMA2","volume":"36","author":"Hill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"author":"R Core Team","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B28"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1245","article-title":"Defining and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes: a report from the American diabetes association workgroup on hypoglycemia","volume":"28","author":"American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10394","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00223-4","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes","volume":"401","author":"Quattrin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05769-4","article-title":"Phenotypic and genetic classification of diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Deutsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-1-13","article-title":"Pathogenesis of age-related glucose intolerance in man: insulin resistance and decreased \u03b2-cell function","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-41-3-498","article-title":"Acute-phase insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in young and aged normal men and diabetic patients","volume":"41","author":"Palmer","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.212","article-title":"Age-related changes in insulin sensitivity and \u03b2-cell function among European-American and African-American women","volume":"19","author":"Chandler-Laney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp","volume":"22","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B36","first-page":"31","article-title":"Clinical features of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction and the relationship to type 2 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Stumvoll","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.1997.2658","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity indices calculated from basal and OGTT-induced insulin, glucose, and FFA levels","volume":"63","author":"Belfiore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00500379","article-title":"Predictive value of intravenous glucose tolerance test insulin secretion less than or greater than the first percentile in islet cell antibody positive relatives of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients","volume":"34","author":"Vardi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0656","article-title":"Acceleration of the loss of the first-phase insulin response during the progression to type 1 diabetes in diabetes revention trial\u2013type 1 articipants","volume":"62","author":"Sosenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0674","article-title":"Reduced \u03b2-cell function in early preclinical type 1 diabetes","volume":"174","author":"Koskinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00482-9","article-title":"The incretin effect in healthy individuals and those with type 2 diabetes: physiology, pathophysiology, and response to therapeutic interventions","volume":"4","author":"Nauck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31827356e1","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations in APECED syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Kluger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E292","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2044","article-title":"Loss of enteroendocrine cells in autoimmune-polyendocrine-candidiasis-ectodermal-dystrophy (APECED) syndrome with gastrointestinal dysfunction","volume":"97","author":"Posovszky","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2011.01.002","article-title":"How can we measure insulin sensitivity\/resistance?","volume":"37","author":"Antuna-Puente","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23503","article-title":"Measuring and estimating insulin resistance in clinical and research settings","volume":"30","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.1580","article-title":"Effects of age on insulin resistance and secretion in subjects without diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Oya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02032.x","article-title":"Change in pancreatic B-cell function (HOMA-B) varies in different populations with similar genetic backgrounds but different environments","volume":"24","author":"Heald","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-023-01291-9","article-title":"Are HOMA-IR and HOMA-B good predictors for diabetes and pre-diabetes subtypes?","volume":"23","author":"Khalili","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.07.015","article-title":"Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) levels in a general adult population: curves percentile by gender and age. The EPIRCE study","volume":"94","author":"Gayoso-Diz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345121","article-title":"Insulin resistance is independently related to age in Mexican women","volume":"26","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mor\u00e1n","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-04904-w","article-title":"Prediction of diabetes mellitus induced by steroid overtreatment in adrenal insufficiency","volume":"12","author":"Guarnotta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-55-4-757","article-title":"Diurnal cortisol peaks and their relationships to meals","volume":"55","author":"Legler","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bnaa002","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa002","article-title":"Dynamics of ACTH and cortisol secretion and implications for disease","volume":"41","author":"Lightman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2589-y","article-title":"The thrifty phenotype hypothesis revisited","volume":"55","author":"Vaag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B55","first-page":"353","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: a \u201cthrifty\u201d genotype rendered detrimental by \u201cprogress\u201d?","volume":"14","author":"Neel","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B56","first-page":"339","article-title":"Overview of the thrifty genotype hypothesis","volume":"4","author":"O\u2019Dea","year":"1995","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1793","article-title":"Adipose tissue plasticity during catch-up fat driven by thrifty metabolism: relevance for muscle-adipose glucose redistribution during catch-up growth","volume":"58","author":"Summermatter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121202462991900_bvaf187-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1407-3","article-title":"Fetal growth restriction, catch-up growth and the early origins of insulin resistance and visceral obesity","volume":"25","author":"Morrison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Endocrine Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf187\/65450065\/bvaf187.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article-pdf\/10\/1\/bvaf187\/65450065\/bvaf187.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article-pdf\/10\/1\/bvaf187\/65450065\/bvaf187.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:46:44Z","timestamp":1765525604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf187\/8339719"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf187","relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1972"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2472-1972"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"article-number":"bvaf187"}}