{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:47:11Z","timestamp":1793148431632,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA171558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA171558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA128799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA128799"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37CA266853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37CA266853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Endocrine Society 2023 REGMS Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012288","name":"Manhasset Women\u2019s Coalition Against Breast Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014889","name":"Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014889","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperinsulinemia and tumor insulin receptor (IR) expression have been associated with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression in preclinical models. We aimed to evaluate the expression of the IR, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and associated signaling protein expression in TNBC and their correlations with demographic and metabolic parameters in a population of women with TNBC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified cases of TNBC from our multi-institutional, cross-sectional study of self-identified Black and White women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Survey, anthropometric, screening behavior, laboratory, and tumor pathology reports were collected, along with formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor samples. We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and quantified the expression of IR, IGF-1R, phosphorylated Erk1\/2 (pErk1\/2), and FOXO3a. Clinical information was correlated with IHC scoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 93 TNBC cases. IHC staining and quantification found that 63% of TNBC cases stained positive for IR, 73% for IGF-1R, 67% for FOXO3a, and 43% for pErk1\/2. Positive IR staining was more prevalent in Black women than White women (P = .003) and was associated with body mass index and fasting insulin on univariate analysis but was not significantly associated with age. On multivariate analysis, IR expression was associated with fasting insulin but not race. IGF-1R, FOXO3a, and pErk1\/2 staining were not associated with any of these factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tumor IR expression was associated with higher fasting insulin, and higher fasting insulin was more prevalent among Black women. Further studies are needed to determine the importance of hyperinsulinemia and tumor IR expression in the development of TNBC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvag041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T12:40:24Z","timestamp":1771072824000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Insulin receptor expression and its association with hyperinsulinemia in triple negative breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1708-0986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis J","family":"Engel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krupa","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount 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B","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mercy Medical Center , Baltimore, MD 21202 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan K","family":"Boolbol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuvance Health , Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigid","family":"Killelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Pilewskie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY 10065 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI 48201 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A","family":"Galifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Center for Cell Signaling and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences , Newark, NJ 07039 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa L","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Center for Cell Signaling and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences , Newark, NJ 07039 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan G","family":"Kase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 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