{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:18:44Z","timestamp":1783437524617,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["837004021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["837004021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency (IIGHD) is difficult to diagnose due to the day-to-day variation in growth hormone (GH) secretion and limitations of GH stimulation testing (GHST). Although recombinant human GH (rhGH) is typically continued until near adult height (NAH), many patients no longer show deficiency at that point. The optimal timing and method for retesting GH secretion remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarize the currently available GHSTs in children with IIGHD, with particular focus on diagnostic strategies in the peripubertal period, timing of retesting, and the role of sex steroid priming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted in 4 databases up to June 2025. Studies were included if they reported on GH retesting in children with IIGHD. Data were extracted on patient characteristics, GHST protocols, priming strategies, cutoff values, and reversal rates. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-one studies involving 2057 patients were included. Retesting occurred after 1\u20132 years of rhGH treatment, during mid-puberty, or at (N)AH, with mean reversal rates of 46.4%, 46.3%, and 69.6%, respectively. Priming with sex steroids was inconsistently applied, using testosterone in boys and ethinyl estradiol in girls. A GH peak cutoff of 7\u2005\u03bcg\/L was most commonly used, though values varied. Mid-pubertal retesting may reduce false-positive diagnoses and treatment burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retesting strategies for IIGHD should be individualized based on treatment response and pubertal development. Early retesting is advised for poor responders, while mid-puberty retesting suits most patients with normal development. Priming is recommended in older prepubertal children. Standardization of GHST protocols and long-term outcome studies are needed to optimize care and reduce overtreatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvag092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T11:46:09Z","timestamp":1775735169000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Growth hormone retesting for idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency during and after puberty: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4326-8595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joeri","family":"Vliegenthart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children Hospital: Erasmus MC Sophia Kinderziekenhuis , 3000 CA Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deveney F","family":"Wols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children Hospital: Erasmus MC Sophia Kinderziekenhuis , 3000 CA Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1715-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan M","family":"Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, WAKZ: Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum Willem Alexander Kinderziekenhuis , 2300 RC Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2681-9180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wichor","family":"Bramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Library, Erasmus Medical Centre: Erasmus MC , 3000 CA Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8195-4356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmond H H M","family":"Rings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children Hospital: Erasmus MC Sophia Kinderziekenhuis , 3000 CA Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5352-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica L T","family":"van den Akker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children Hospital: Erasmus MC Sophia Kinderziekenhuis , 3000 CA Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6408-1717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle C M","family":"van der Kaay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children Hospital: Erasmus MC Sophia Kinderziekenhuis , 3000 CA Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03778-4","article-title":"Epidemiology of growth hormone deficiency in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Mameli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4210","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0509","article-title":"Consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic short stature: a summary of the Growth Hormone Research Society, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology Workshop","volume":"93","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2018.01.003","article-title":"Identification of candidate serum biomarkers of childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency using SWATH-MS and feature selection","volume":"175","author":"Ortea","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1054\/ghir.2001.0203","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of growth hormone deficiency in childhood and adolescence","volume":"11","author":"Sizonenko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-22-0504","article-title":"Diagnosis and testing for growth hormone deficiency across the ages: a global view of the accuracy, caveats, and cut-offs for diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Yuen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1159\/000521281","article-title":"When is a positive test for pediatric growth hormone deficiency a true-positive test?","volume":"94","author":"Bright","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B7","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) provocative retesting of 108 young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency and the diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3","volume":"82","author":"Juul","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2021.1956423","article-title":"Impact of body mass index on growth hormone stimulation tests in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Abawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B9","first-page":"201","article-title":"Effect of androgen on growth hormone secretion and growth in boys with short stature","volume":"91","author":"Martin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.902364","article-title":"Growth hormone stimulation testing: to test or not to test? That is one of the questions","volume":"13","author":"Yau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.53.6.929","article-title":"A review of growth hormone stimulation tests in children","volume":"53","author":"Frasier","year":"1974","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(70)80019-1","article-title":"Effect of adolescence on the serum growth hormone response to hypoglycemia","volume":"77","author":"Frasier","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2005.18.11.1045","article-title":"Gender does not influence prepubertal growth velocity during standard growth hormone therapy - analysis of United States KIGS data","volume":"18","author":"Rose","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70200-0","article-title":"GROWTH HORMONE AND SEX STEROIDS: interactions in puberty","volume":"30","author":"Mauras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2016.11.002","article-title":"Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in the paediatric and transitional age","volume":"30","author":"Chinoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1159\/000066265","article-title":"European audit of current practice in diagnosis and treatment of childhood growth hormone deficiency","volume":"58","author":"Juul","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B17","first-page":"537","article-title":"The effects of estrogen priming and puberty on the growth hormone response to standardized treadmill exercise and arginine-insulin in normal girls and boys","volume":"79","author":"Marin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1159\/000284396","article-title":"Is sex hormone priming in peripubertal children prior to growth hormone stimulation tests still appropriate?","volume":"73","author":"Lazar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2003.11.003","article-title":"Is growth hormone stimulation testing in children still appropriate?","volume":"14","author":"Gandrud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem.2011.076","article-title":"Pros of priming in the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency","volume":"24","author":"Gonc","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.3.222","article-title":"Growth hormone state after completion of treatment with growth hormone","volume":"62","author":"Clayton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-014-0205-3","article-title":"Early retesting by GHRH + arginine test shows normal GH response in most children with idiopathic GH deficiency","volume":"38","author":"Bizzarri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2017.05.003","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory parameters predicting a requirement for the reevaluation of growth hormone status during growth hormone treatment: retesting early in the course of GH treatment","volume":"34","author":"Vuralli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B24","first-page":"1284","article-title":"Pitfalls in diagnosing impaired growth hormone (GH) secretion: retesting after replacement therapy of 63 patients defined as GH deficient","volume":"74","author":"Cacciari","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0383","article-title":"Effect on adult height of pubertal growth hormone retesting and withdrawal of therapy in patients with previously diagnosed growth hormone deficiency","volume":"91","author":"Zucchini","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0646","article-title":"Growth hormone retesting during puberty: a cohort study","volume":"182","author":"Cavarzere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0631","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of adults with GH deficiency II: a statement of the GH Research Society in association with the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, Lawson Wilkins Society, European Society of Endocrinology, Japan Endocrine Society, and Endocrine Society of Australia","volume":"157","author":"Ho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B28","first-page":"325","article-title":"Is retesting in growth hormone deficient children really useful?","volume":"42","author":"Meazza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol (Torino)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.2.3726","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) retesting and auxological data in 131 GH-deficient patients after completion of treatment","volume":"82","author":"Tauber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae408","article-title":"Accuracy of glucagon testing across transition in young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency","volume":"110","author":"Fava","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2004.17.7.1007","article-title":"Reevaluation of growth hormone deficiency during and after growth hormone (GH) treatment: diagnostic value of GH tests and IGF-I and IGFBP-3 measurements","volume":"17","author":"Darendeliler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-20-0347","article-title":"IGF1 for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children and adolescents: a reappraisal","volume":"9","author":"Ibba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vliegenthart J, Wols DF, Wit JM, et al \u00a0Supplementary materials for \u201cGrowth Hormone Retesting for Idiopathic Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency During and After Puberty: A Systematic Review, Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2026\u201d. DataverseNL V1. Date of deposit 6 May \u00a02026. 10.34894\/R6Q27B.","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvag092"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.104.3.014","article-title":"De-duplication of database search results for systematic reviews in EndNote","volume":"104","author":"Bramer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"339","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"McGuinness","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13633-016-0024-8","article-title":"An audit of the management of childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency during young adulthood in Scotland","volume":"2016","author":"Ahmid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B40","first-page":"3693","article-title":"Retesting young adults with childhood-onset growth hormone (GH) deficiency with GH-releasing-hormone-plus-arginine Test","volume":"85","author":"Aimaretti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4008\/jcrpe.v1i1.7","article-title":"Evaluation of permanent growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in young adults with childhood onset GHD: a multicenter study","volume":"1","author":"Berbero\u01e7lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B42","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Reassessment of the optimal growth hormone cut-off level in insulin tolerance testing for growth hormone secretion in patients with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency during transition to adulthood","volume":"21","author":"Bonfig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B43","first-page":"1663","article-title":"Value and limits of pharmacological and physiological tests to diagnose growth hormone (GH) deficiency and predict therapy response: first and second retesting during replacement therapy of patients defined as GH deficient","volume":"79","author":"Cacciari","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000369392","article-title":"Natural history of growth hormone deficiency in a pediatric cohort","volume":"83","author":"Deillon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2016.02.001","article-title":"Evaluation of the GHRH-arginine retest for young adolescents with childhood-onset GH deficiency","volume":"27","author":"Dreismann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1003","article-title":"Subnormal serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels in young adults with childhood-onset nonacquired growth hormone (GH) deficiency who recover normal GH secretion may indicate less severe but persistent pituitary failure","volume":"92","author":"Gelwane","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200x.2001.01363.x","article-title":"Evaluation of growth hormone secretion after completion of therapy","volume":"43","author":"G\u00f6k\u015fen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B48","first-page":"1244","article-title":"Reevaluation of growth hormone (GH) secretion in 69 adults diagnosed as GH-deficient patients during childhood","volume":"81","author":"Longobardi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.4.5614","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) of childhood onset: reassessment of GH status and evaluation of the predictive criteria for permanent GHD in young adults","volume":"84","author":"Maghnie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01873","article-title":"Diagnosis of GH deficiency in the transition period: accuracy of insulin tolerance test and insulin-like growth factor-I measurement","volume":"152","author":"Maghnie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.671492.x","article-title":"The prevalence of severe growth hormone deficiency in adults who received growth hormone replacement in childhood","volume":"44","author":"Nicolson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B52","first-page":"140","article-title":"The capacity to increase GH secretion at puberty reflects the severity of GH deficiency","volume":"38","author":"Pauwels","year":"1992","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16030307","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) therapy during the transition period: should we think about early retesting in patients with idiopathic and isolated GH deficiency?","volume":"16","author":"Penta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2013-6","article-title":"United States multicenter study of factors predicting the persistence of GH deficiency during the transition period between childhood and adulthood","volume":"2013","author":"Quigley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.2014.0046","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of persistent growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in patients with isolated, childhood-onset GHD","volume":"65","author":"Smyczy\u0144ska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5739","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115739","article-title":"Transient isolated, idiopathic growth hormone deficiency\u2014a self-limiting pediatric disease with male predominance or a diagnosis based on uncertain criteria? Lesson from 20 years' real-world experience with retesting at one center","volume":"25","author":"Smyczy\u0144ska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000067936","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) secretion in patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency: retesting after one year of therapy and at final height","volume":"59","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.00850.x","article-title":"Normal growth hormone secretion in growth hormone insufficient children retested after completion of linear growth","volume":"45","author":"Wacharasindhu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B59","first-page":"542","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) retesting and final adult height in childhood-onset GH deficiency (CO-GHD): experiences from King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand","volume":"98","author":"Mrcpch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02322-5","article-title":"Once upon a time: the glucagon stimulation test in diagnosing adult GH deficiency","volume":"47","author":"Cuboni","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e32835430da","article-title":"Testing for growth hormone deficiency in adults","volume":"19","author":"Kargi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1159\/000452150","article-title":"Guidelines for growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I treatment in children and adolescents: growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and primary insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency","volume":"86","author":"Grimberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000502231","article-title":"Diagnosis, genetics, and therapy of short stature in children: a growth hormone research society international perspective","volume":"92","author":"Collett-Solberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf626","article-title":"Growth hormone withdrawal in mid-puberty: no impact on near adult height in adolescents with transient idiopathic GHD","author":"Vliegenthart","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-017-0237-9","article-title":"Understanding treatment burden for children treated for growth hormone deficiency","volume":"10","author":"Brod","year":"2017","journal-title":"Patient"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07562-z","article-title":"The growth hormone deficiency (GHD) reversal trial: effect on final height of discontinuation versus continuation of growth hormone treatment in pubertal children with isolated GHD\u2014a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial (RCT)","volume":"24","author":"Brettell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1459998","article-title":"Policy for transitioning childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency from pediatric to adult endocrine care in Belgium","volume":"15","author":"Staels","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpam.ijpam_7_23","article-title":"Management of childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency in patients transitioning from pediatric to adult care: a review of the literature and consensus report from a panel of experts in Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"AlMutair","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02081-9","article-title":"GHRH+arginine test and body mass index: do we need to review diagnostic criteria for GH deficiency?","volume":"46","author":"Gasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1347243","article-title":"Body fat mass is a strong and negative predictor of peak stimulated growth hormone and bone mineral density in healthy adolescents during transition period","volume":"45","author":"Perotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-025-01526-z","article-title":"Consensus and controversies about diagnosing GH deficiency: a Delphi survey by the GH research society","volume":"28","author":"Arlien-S\u00f8borg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15000","article-title":"IGF-1 as screening tool for acromegaly and adult-onset growth hormone deficiency in the Netherlands","volume":"100","author":"Postma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.584906","article-title":"Discordance between stimulated and spontaneous growth hormone levels in short children is dependent on cut-off level and partly explained by refractoriness","volume":"11","author":"Lennartsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1157","article-title":"Macimorelin (AEZS-130)-stimulated growth hormone (GH) test: validation of a novel oral stimulation test for the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency","volume":"98","author":"Garcia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1159\/000519232","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of Macimorelin in children with suspected growth hormone deficiency: an open-label, group comparison, dose-escalation trial","volume":"94","author":"Cs\u00e1kv\u00e1ry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026070710464428100_bvag092-B76","first-page":"84","article-title":"Macimorelin acetate for the diagnosis of childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency","volume":"18","author":"Henry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Endocrine Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvag092\/68030150\/bvag092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article-pdf\/10\/7\/bvag092\/68030150\/bvag092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article-pdf\/10\/7\/bvag092\/68030150\/bvag092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:06:49Z","timestamp":1783436809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvag092\/8651261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvag092","relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1972","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"article-number":"bvag092"}}