{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:22:08Z","timestamp":1787649728793,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030692","name":"Intramural Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA DK075121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA DK075121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021453","name":"United States Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although menstrual dysfunction occurs in Cushing syndrome (CS), drivers of its prevalence and prognosis are poorly documented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assess the prevalence of menstrual dysfunction, time to resolution after restoration of eucortisolism, and predictive factors for development and resolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary referral center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>93 women treated for CS from 1987 to 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgery, medical therapy, and\/or irradiation to restore eucortisolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of affected menses; rate and time to return to baseline pattern after remission. Patient, hormonal, tumor, and treatment factors predicting resolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-eight percent (95% CI 57-77%) of women with CS had affected menses. Compared with unaffected women, those with irregular menses had higher total testosterone (TT) (91.0 vs 32.6\u2005ng\/dL, P = .02), while amenorrheic women had lower estradiol (21.2 vs 41.9\u2005pg\/mL, P = .01) and LH (1.0 vs 3.5\u2005U\/L, P = .009). Gonadotropins correlated inversely with urine free cortisol (LH: r = \u22120.42, FSH: r = \u22120.30; both P &amp;lt; .05). TT had no correlation. Menses returned to baseline in 84% (95% CI 66-94%) of 31 women without cyclic CS at median 6 months after achieving eucortisolism. Extensive pituitary exploration, pituitary irradiation, and mitotane reduced the likelihood of menses returning to baseline. A higher body mass index (42.4 vs 30.8\u2005kg\/m2, P &amp;lt; .0001) predicted a delayed (&amp;gt;6 months) return to baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two-thirds of women with CS have menstrual dysfunction due to cortisol-induced suppression of gonadotropins. In most women with minimal pituitary damage, menses return to baseline after a median of 6 months of eucortisolism. Significant overweight can delay resolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvag192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T11:52:58Z","timestamp":1787140378000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An observational study of menstrual function and related hormones before and after treatment of Cushing syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3497-3153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brielle M","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892 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