{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:45:47Z","timestamp":1792053947959,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PCOS Challenge: The National Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Association"},{"name":"PCOS Challenge Study"},{"name":"PCOS Challenge Registry"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015794","name":"Foundation for Research and Education Excellence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#103-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#103-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), impairs health-related quality of life (QoL) and daily functioning. While estimates of medical-related costs have been made, this study aimed to estimate indirect (work productivity-related) and intangible (QoL-related) economic costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cross-sectional US registry (PCOS\/PMOS = 433, controls = 252), we measured willingness to pay, health utility using the EuroQol five-dimension five-level (EQ-5D-5L) and the Short Form 6-Dimensions (SF-6D) tools, and work productivity with Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: General Health. Adjusted regression estimated utility differences were converted to quality-adjusted life year (QALY) loss. XGBoost classification with Shapley Additive exPlanations feature importance identified key discriminating domains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCOS\/PMOS had lower health utility compared to controls (EQ-5D-5L, 0.72 vs 0.88; SF-6D, 0.67 vs 0.72; P &amp;lt; .001), corresponding to QALY losses of 0.12 and 0.04, respectively. Annual intangible costs per woman were then estimated to be $12 000 (per EQ-5D-5L) or $4000 (per SF-6D). Median work productivity loss for PCOS\/PMOS was 39.5% vs 6.0% for controls (using $37\/hour and 2080\u2005hours\/year). Considering the number of women with PCOS\/PMOS in the United States, the total yearly indirect cost was estimated to be $97.9 billion, and yearly intangible cost was estimated to range from $17.8 billion (by SF-6D) to $53.4 billion (by EQ-5D-5L), in 2026 USD. Machine learning identified pain, anxiety\/depression, and physical functioning limitations as key discriminators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCOS\/PMOS is associated with lower utility, significant QALY losses, and work productivity impairment. Considering prior estimates of medical-related costs, the total annual US Societal burden ranges from $133 to $169 billion, predominantly from indirect and intangible costs, underscoring the profound functional and economic impact of the disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvag217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:24:33Z","timestamp":1790594673000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health utility, work productivity, and total economic burden of polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1126-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Amiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Maternal, Fetal, & Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Institute, , Tehran 1419733141 ,","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Foundation for Research and Education Excellence , Vestavia, AL 35243 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yucheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCOS Challenge: The National Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Association , Atlanta, GA 30308 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Thai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCOS Challenge: The National Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Association , Atlanta, GA 30308 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Ottey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCOS Challenge: The National Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Association , Atlanta, GA 30308 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCOS Challenge: The National Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Association , Atlanta, GA 30308 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia R","family":"Delau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCOS Challenge: The National Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Association , Atlanta, GA 30308 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"NYU School of Global Public Health, New York University , New York, NY 10003 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surabhi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCOS Challenge: The National Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Association , Atlanta, GA 30308 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"NYU School of Global Public Health, New York University , New York, NY 10003 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall","family":"Soucie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Windsor , Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ty","family":"Partridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI 48202 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P","family":"Buyalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Research and Education Excellence , Vestavia, AL 35243 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) , Birmingham, AL 35233 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3917-0483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Azziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Research and Education Excellence , Vestavia, AL 35243 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 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