{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T20:43:49Z","timestamp":1774385029646,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#UL1TR002378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#UL1TR002378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals have unique health care needs and have difficulty accessing health care services because of a lack of qualified health care providers, insurance coverage, mistreatment, and bias by the medical community. Medical trainees and physicians report a lack of education in, and exposure to, the clinical care and unique aspects of this field. We assessed the use of a standardized patient as a tool to evaluate 4 core medical competencies (patient care, medical knowledge, professionalism, and interpersonal communication) of endocrinology fellows at a single training program.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endocrine fellows were evaluated by faculty in different aspects of transgender care and completed a self-assessment before and after the exercise. Faculty viewed the fellows during the Objective Clinical Structured Examination. Fellows were provided feedback by a faculty member and the standardized patient after the exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deficits were found in patient care and professionalism. Fellows scored well in medical knowledge. Fellows did not report an improvement in comfort and communication skills after the exercise. Interestingly, fellows\u2019 self-assessment scores in several domains declined after the standardized patient encounter, highlighting an occasion for self-reflection and growth within the realms of cultural competency and medical knowledge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that use of standardized patients to teach medical competencies in transgender medicine may be one approach to improve exposure to, and training in, transgender medicine. Endocrine fellows still had discomfort treating transgender individuals after the standardized patient encounter and require other training activities that may include didactics and clinical case discussions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T13:03:25Z","timestamp":1574082205000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Use of Standardized Patients in Endocrinology Fellowship Programs to Teach Competent Transgender Care"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0693-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary O","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R Craig","family":"Sineath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J Sonya","family":"Haw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4021-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin","family":"Tangpricha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3007","article-title":"Transgender health in endocrinology: current status of endocrinology fellowship programs and practicing clinicians","volume":"102","author":"Davidge-Pitts","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000227","article-title":"Barriers to healthcare for transgender individuals","volume":"23","author":"Safer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.4158\/EP15777.OR","article-title":"A simple intervention raised resident-physician willingness to assist transgender patients seeking hormone therapy","volume":"21","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Pract."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1255","article-title":"Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender-related content in undergraduate medical education","volume":"306","author":"Obedin-Maliver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jama."},{"key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S147183","article-title":"Transgender health care: improving medical students\u2019 and residents\u2019 training and awareness","volume":"9","author":"Dubin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Med Educ Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12368","article-title":"The prevalence of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health education and training in emergency medicine residency programs: what do we know?","volume":"21","author":"Moll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med Off J Soc Acad Emerg Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2018-0307","article-title":"Endocrinology fellows\u2019 perception of their confidence and skill level in providing transgender healthcare","volume":"24","author":"Davidge-Pitts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Pract."},{"issue":"5955","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5955.447","article-title":"Assessment of clinical competence using objective structured examination","volume":"1","author":"Harden","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2013.774330","article-title":"Is the OSCE a feasible tool to assess competencies in undergraduate medical education?","volume":"35","author":"Patr\u00edcio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Teach."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1996.0252","article-title":"The use of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for evaluation and instruction in graduate medical education","volume":"63","author":"Sloan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Surg Res."},{"key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0011","first-page":"89","article-title":"Reliability and validity testing of an evidence-based medicine OSCE station","volume-title":"Fam Med","author":"Tudiver","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0579.1999.tb00077.x","article-title":"The validity and reliability of an OSCE in dentistry","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Dent Educ."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2011.04.006","article-title":"Using Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in undergraduate psychiatric nursing education: is it reliable and valid?","volume":"32","author":"Selim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-16-00770.1","article-title":"Meeting the primary care needs of transgender patients through simulation","volume":"9","author":"Greene","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ."},{"key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0015"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.4158\/1934-2403-23.12.1437","article-title":"Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric\/gender-incongruent persons: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"23","author":"Hembree","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2011.700873","article-title":"Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, version 7","volume":"13","author":"Coleman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Transgenderism."},{"key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0018","unstructured":"The Center of Excellence for Transgender Health. \u00a0http:\/\/www.transhealth.ucsf.edu\/. Accessed July 6, 2019."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1300\/J485v09n03_02","article-title":"Transgender primary medical care","volume":"9","author":"Feldman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Transgenderism."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.30.2.57","article-title":"Cultural competence in clinician communication","volume":"30","author":"Kodjo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/1357-6283.101637","article-title":"The \u201cCulture OSCE\u201d\u2013introducing a formative assessment into a postgraduate program","volume":"20","author":"Aeder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Educ Health (Abingdon)."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.127811","article-title":"Sexual and gender minority health: what we know and what needs to be done","volume":"98","author":"Mayer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.6.1121","article-title":"Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one\u2019s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments","volume":"77","author":"Kruger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121116284392900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AHSE.0000038209.65714.d4","article-title":"How can I know what I don\u2019t know? Poor self assessment in a well-defined domain","volume":"9","author":"Eva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Endocrine Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvz007\/30959877\/bvz007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article-pdf\/4\/1\/bvz007\/41726393\/jes_4_1_bvz007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article-pdf\/4\/1\/bvz007\/41726393\/jes_4_1_bvz007.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T02:30:53Z","timestamp":1695436253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jes\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvz007\/5628164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvz007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1972","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"article-number":"bvz007"}}