{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:14:18Z","timestamp":1789964058909,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otitis is common in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) and may be misdiagnosed in the presence of other causes of otalgia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesized that stylohyoid ligament calcification (SLC), named Eagle syndrome (ES), is a common cause of otalgia in TS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cohort of 1-year data collection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed all consecutive women with Turner syndrome (TW).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety-six TW and 55 age-paired normal control women (CW).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were asked about current or past otalgia and had bilateral tonsillar palatine palpated by the same physician.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>When otalgia or cervicalgia plus painful palatine tonsil palpation was positive, participants underwent facial X-ray or three-dimensional cranial CT. If SLC was &gt;25 mm, ES was confirmed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-four TW (35%) had clinical signs and 27\/34 (79%) had radiologically confirmed ES. Of the TW with confirmed ES (27\/96; 28%), 14 (51.9%) were inadvertently treated for recurrent otitis as a presumed cause of otalgia. Eleven of the TW with ES (26.1%) were below age 21. There was no association with karyotype, age, body mass index, or growth hormone use. Ten CW (18.2%) complained of symptoms of ES, but only 4 (7.3%) were radiologically confirmed (CW vs TW, P &lt; 0.01), and none were &lt;21 years old. ES occurred more at younger ages in TW (P &lt; 0.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ES is more prevalent in TW than in controls and occurs at younger ages. ES must be assessed as a common comorbidity of TS at any age, especially during childhood, as a differential diagnosis of otalgia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-00009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T17:49:01Z","timestamp":1558633741000},"page":"1403-1408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stylohyoid Ligament Calcification: A Greater-Than-Expected Cause of Otalgia in Turner Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0124-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia Teofilo","family":"Monteagudo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Division, Medicine Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Loures","family":"Rossinol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Division, Medicine Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ieda Therezinha","family":"do Nascimento Verreschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Division, Medicine Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus Regios","family":"Dias-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Division, Medicine Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2019070309425742200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302005000100019","article-title":"Epidemiological, endocrine and metabolic features in Turner syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Gravholt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"2019070309425742200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.2.304","article-title":"45,X\/46,XY mosaicism: report of 27 cases","volume":"104","author":"Telvi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019070309425742200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01213097","article-title":"Chromosome abnormalities found among 34,910 newborn children: results from a 13-year incidence study in Arhus, Denmark","volume":"87","author":"Nielsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070309425742200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00237-0","article-title":"Morbidity in Turner syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Gravholt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019070309425742200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1374","article-title":"Care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: a guideline of the Turner Syndrome Study Group","volume":"92","author":"Bondy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2019070309425742200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(98)00113-0","article-title":"Otological problems in children with Turner\u2019s syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Stenberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019070309425742200_bib7","first-page":"57","article-title":"Stylohyoid chain ossification: choice of the surgical approach","volume":"50","author":"Chouvel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070309425742200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480310001097","article-title":"Ear and hearing problems in Turner\u2019s syndrome","volume":"123","author":"Hultcrantz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019070309425742200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2013.008","article-title":"Eagle\u2019s syndrome: signs and symptoms","volume":"31","author":"Costantinides","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019070309425742200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1948.00690030654006","article-title":"Elongated styloid process; further observations and a new syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Eagle","year":"1948","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070309425742200_bib11","first-page":"30","article-title":"Eagle\u2019s syndrome and the trauma patient. 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