{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:02:53Z","timestamp":1790917373726,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The avian pineal gland contains both circadian oscillators and photoreceptors to produce rhythms in biosynthesis of the hormone melatonin in vivo and in vitro. The molecular mechanisms for melatonin biosynthesis are largely understood, but the mechanisms driving the rhythm itself or the photoreceptive processes that entrain the rhythm are unknown. We have produced cDNA microarrays of pineal gland transcripts under light-dark and constant darkness conditions. Rhythmic transcripts were classified according to function, representing diverse functional groups, including phototransduction pathways, transcription\/translation factors, ion channel proteins, cell signaling molecules, and immune function genes. These were also organized relative to time of day mRNA abundance in light-dark and constant darkness. The transcriptional profile of the chick pineal gland reveals a more complex form of gene regulation than one might expect from a gland whose sole apparent function is the rhythmic biosynthesis of melatonin. The mRNAs encoding melatonin biosynthesis are rhythmic as are many orthologs of mammalian \u201cclock genes.\u201d However, the oscillation of phototransductive, immune, stress response, hormone binding, and other important processes in the transcriptome of the pineal gland, raises new questions regarding the role of the pineal gland in circadian rhythm generation, organization, and avian physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,29]],"date-time":"2003-07-29T00:26:52Z","timestamp":1059438412000},"page":"2084-2095","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Transcriptional Profiling of the Chick Pineal Gland, a Photoreceptive Circadian Oscillator and Pacemaker"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Clocks Research (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), College Station, Texas 77843-3258"},{"name":"Department of Biology (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip D.","family":"Beremand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Clocks Research (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), College Station, Texas 77843-3258"},{"name":"Department of Biology (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Clocks Research (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), College Station, Texas 77843-3258"},{"name":"Department of Biology (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Bell-Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Clocks Research (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), College Station, Texas 77843-3258"},{"name":"Department of Biology (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry L.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Clocks Research (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), College Station, Texas 77843-3258"},{"name":"Department of Biology (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent M.","family":"Cassone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Clocks Research (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), College Station, Texas 77843-3258"},{"name":"Department of Biology (M.J.B., P.D.B., R.H., D.B.P., T.L.T., V.M.C.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071614260540600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1126\/science.160.3832.1125","article-title":"Pineal function: the biological clock in the sparrow?","volume":"160","author":"Gaston","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/074873048700200203","article-title":"Differential effects of pinealectomy on circadian rhythms of feeding and perch hopping in the European starling.","volume":"2","author":"Gwinner","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00199485","article-title":"The circadian rhythm of thermoregulation in Japanese quail. I. Role of the eyes and pineal.","volume":"175","author":"Underwood","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3109\/07420529209064553","article-title":"Pinealectomy and LL abolished circadian perching rhythms but did not alter circannual reproductive or fattening rhythms in finches.","volume":"9","author":"Pant","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01342667","article-title":"The role of the pineal gland and suprachiasmatic nucleus in the control of locomotor rhythms in the Java sparrow, Padda orizivora.","volume":"141","author":"Ebihara","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/282094a0","article-title":"A circadian oscillator in cultured cells of chicken pineal gland.","volume":"282","author":"Deguchi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1126\/science.569904","article-title":"Circadian clock in culture: N-acetyltransferase activity of chick pineal glands oscillates in vitro.","volume":"203","author":"Kasal","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91339-X","article-title":"Photoendocrine transduction in cultured chick pineal cells: effects of light, dark, and potassium on the melatonin rhythm.","volume":"438","author":"Zatz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90699-8","article-title":"Comparison of circadian oscillation of melatonin release in pineal cells of house sparrow, pigeon and Japanese quail, using cell perfusion systems.","volume":"651","author":"Murakami","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.4.2319","article-title":"Circadian rhythms of melatonin release from individual superfused chicken pineal glands in vitro.","volume":"77","author":"Takahashi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)81713-1","article-title":"Individual pineal cells in chick possess photoreceptive, circadian clock and melatonin-synthesizing capacities in vitro.","volume":"774","author":"Nakahara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19990305","article-title":"Melatonin synthesis pathway: circadian regulation of the genes encoding the key enzymes in the chicken pineal gland and retina.","volume":"39","author":"Bernard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Reprod Nutr Dev"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-002-0579-y","article-title":"Control of melatonin synthesis in the mammalian pineal gland: the critical role of serotonin acetylation.","volume":"309","author":"Ganguly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3109\/07420529808998702","article-title":"Melatonin\u2019s role in vertebrate circadian rhythms.","volume":"5","author":"Cassone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5355.1358","article-title":"Melatonin production: proteasomal proteolysis in serotonin N-acetyltransferase regulation.","volume":"279","author":"Gastel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/372094a0","article-title":"Pinopsin is a chicken pineal photoreceptive molecule.","volume":"372","author":"Okano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02227-3","article-title":"Chicken pineal Cry genes: light-dependent up-regulation of cCry1 and cCry2 transcripts.","volume":"313","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02276-7","article-title":"Chickens\u2019 Cry2: molecular analysis of an avian cryptochrome in retinal and pineal photoreceptors.","volume":"513","author":"Bailey","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7321","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-17-07321.2002","article-title":"Opsin-G11-mediated signaling pathway for photic entrainment of the chicken pineal circadian clock.","volume":"22","author":"Kasahara","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0750217.x","article-title":"Rod-type transducin \u03b1-subunit mediates a phototransduction pathway in the chicken pineal gland.","volume":"75","author":"Kasahara","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.68.9.2112","article-title":"Clock mutants of Drosophila melanogaster.","volume":"68","author":"Konopka","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80566-8","article-title":"Molecular bases for circadian clocks.","volume":"96","author":"Dunlap","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5468.1013","article-title":"Interacting molecular loops in the mammalian circadian clock.","volume":"288","author":"Shearman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.17.3369","article-title":"Central and peripheral circadian oscillator mechanisms in flies and mammals.","volume":"115","author":"Glossop","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00074-6","article-title":"vrille, Pdp1, and clock form a second feedback lop in the Drosophila circadian clock.","volume":"112","author":"Cyran","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03074.x","article-title":"Overexpression of White Collar-1 (WC-1) activates circadian clock-associated genes, but is not sufficient to induce most light-regulated gene expression in Neurospora crassa.","volume":"45","author":"Lewis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5499.2110","article-title":"Orchestrated transcription of key pathways in Arabidopsis by the circadian clock.","volume":"290","author":"Harmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00545-1","article-title":"Microarray analysis and organization of circadian gene expression in Drosophila.","volume":"107","author":"McDonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00759-5","article-title":"Circadian cycling of the mouse liver transcriptome, as revealed by cDNA microarray, is driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus.","volume":"12","author":"Akhtar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00765-0","article-title":"Circadian programs of transcriptional activation, signaling, and protein turnover revealed by microarray analysis of mammalian cells.","volume":"12","author":"Duffield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.008532","article-title":"Transcriptome changes for Arabidopsis in response to salt, osmotic, and cold stress.","volume":"130","author":"Kreps","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2002.02935.x","article-title":"Regulation of gene expression by melatonin: a microarray survey of the rat retina.","volume":"33","author":"Wiechmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool.","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2002.208","article-title":"Transthyretin from discovery to now.","volume":"40","author":"Robbins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01723.x","article-title":"Temporal-spacial characterization of chicken clock genes: circadian expression in retina, pineal gland and peripheral tissues.","volume":"85","author":"Chong","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.2001.00462.x","article-title":"Chicken pineal clock genes: implication of BMAL2 as a bidirectional regulator in circadian clock oscillation.","volume":"6","author":"Okano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)01021-1","article-title":"Isolation of a cDNA encoding a photoreceptor cell-specific actin-bundling protein: retinal fascin.","volume":"414","author":"Saishin","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35676","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.50.35676","article-title":"PHR1 encodes an abundant, pleckstrin homology domain-containing integral membrane protein in the photoreceptor outer segments.","volume":"274","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)01003-4","article-title":"Expression of an array of photoreceptor genes in chick embryonic retinal pigment epithelium cell cultures under the induction of neuroD.","volume":"280","author":"Yan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.3.1343","article-title":"Calretinin: a gene for a novel calcium-binding protein expressed principally in neurons.","volume":"105","author":"Rogers","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90018-3","article-title":"Sequence analysis, cellular localization, and expression of a neuroretina adhesion and cell survival molecule.","volume":"51","author":"Berman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R42","first-page":"1775","article-title":"Canine cone transducin-\u03b3 gene and cone degeneration in the cd dog.","volume":"10","author":"Akhmedov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11034","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.15.11034","article-title":"Identification and characterization of all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase from photoreceptor outer segments, the visual cycle enzyme that reduces all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol.","volume":"275","author":"Rattner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55354-0","article-title":"Topological and epitope mapping of the cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein from retina.","volume":"266","author":"Crabb","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(00)16736-9","article-title":"Short-chain dehydrogenases\/reductases in retina.","volume":"316","author":"Haeseleer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb56818.x","article-title":"The pineal organ as a component of the biological clock. Phylogenetic and ontogenetic considerations.","volume":"719","author":"Korf","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.5.2109","article-title":"Functional lymphocytes in the chicken pineal gland.","volume":"130","author":"Cogburn","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001620205","article-title":"Lymphopoiesis in the chicken pineal gland.","volume":"162","author":"Cogburn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613211","article-title":"cDNA cloning and tissue distribution of the rat ortholog of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2.","volume":"88","author":"Hisaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6947","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.6947","article-title":"An estrogen receptor-selective coregulator that potentiates the effectiveness of antiestrogens and represses the activity of estrogens.","volume":"96","author":"Montano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.2.542","article-title":"A cyclophilin-related protein involved in the function of natural killer cells.","volume":"90","author":"Anderson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.4.1212","article-title":"The proliferation potential protein-related (P2P-R) gene with domains encoding heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein association and Rb1 binding shows repressed expression during terminal differentiation.","volume":"94","author":"Witte","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0177(20010301)220:3<198::AID-DVDY1103>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Early developmental expression pattern of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor mRNA indicates a role in the epithelial-to-mesenchyme transformation of endocardial cushion cells.","volume":"220","author":"Wagner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21326","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.30.21326","article-title":"Phospholipid hydroperoxides are substrates for non-selenium glutathione peroxidase.","volume":"274","author":"Fisher","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0742315.x","article-title":"Chick pineal melatonin synthesis: light and cyclic AMP control abundance of serotonin N-acetyltransferase protein.","volume":"74","author":"Zatz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0300365","article-title":"14-3-3 Proteins and photoneuroendocrine transduction: role in controlling the daily rhythm in melatonin.","volume":"30","author":"Klein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R57","first-page":"564","article-title":"Retinal melatonin production: role of proteasomal proteolysis in circadian and photic control of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase.","volume":"43","author":"Iuvone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5434.1737","article-title":"A role for the proteasome in the light response of the timeless clock protein.","volume":"285","author":"Naidoo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-010X(20010201)289:2<90::AID-JEZ2>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Pineal modulation of thymus and immune function in a seasonally breeding tropical rodent, Funambulus pennanti.","volume":"289","author":"Haldar","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.1994.tb01430.x","article-title":"Seasonal variation in proliferative response and subpopulations of lymphocytes from mice housed in a constant environment.","volume":"27","author":"Planelles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.6.2586","article-title":"Seasonal rhythmicity in lymphocyte blastogenic responses of mice persists in a constant environment.","volume":"130","author":"Brock","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1476","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.5.R1476","article-title":"Melatonin enhancement of splenocyte proliferation is attenuated by luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist.","volume":"280","author":"Drazen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079x.2000.280105.x","article-title":"In vitro melatonin treatment enhances splenocyte proliferation in prairie voles.","volume":"1","author":"Drazen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2020071614260540600_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/074873098129000084","article-title":"Exogenous melatonin enhances cell-mediated, but not humoral, immune function in adult male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).","volume":"13","author":"Demas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"}],"container-title":["Molecular Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mend\/article-pdf\/17\/10\/2084\/8964654\/mend2084.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mend\/article-pdf\/17\/10\/2084\/8964654\/mend2084.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T18:07:54Z","timestamp":1682532474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mend\/article\/17\/10\/2084\/2747477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/me.2003-0121","relation":{},"ISSN":["0888-8809","1944-9917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0888-8809","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-9917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]}}}