{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:42:04Z","timestamp":1790412124394,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Calcium plays a fundamental role as second messenger in intracellular signaling and bone serves as the body\u2019s calcium reserve to tightly maintain blood calcium levels. Calcium in ingested meal is the main supply and inadequate calcium intake causes osteoporosis and bone fracture. Here, we describe a novel mechanism of how ingested calcium is deposited on bone. Meal ingestion elicits secretion of the gut hormone gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) from endocrine K cells in the duodenum. Bone histomorphometrical analyses revealed that bone formation parameters in the mice lacking GIP receptor (GIPR\u2212\/\u2212) were significantly lower than those of wild-type (GIPR+\/+) mice, and that the number of osteoclasts, especially multinuclear osteoclasts, was significantly increased in GIPR\u2212\/\u2212 mice, indicating that GIPR\u2212\/\u2212 mice have high-turnover osteoporosis. In vitro examination showed the percentage of osteoblastic cells undergoing apoptosis to be significantly decreased in the presence of GIP. Because GIPR\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibited an increased plasma calcium concentration after meal ingestion, GIP directly links calcium contained in meal to calcium deposition on bone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]],"date-time":"2006-02-10T01:24:16Z","timestamp":1139534656000},"page":"1644-1651","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide as an Endogenous Factor Promoting New Bone Formation after Food Ingestion"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Katsushi","family":"Tsukiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition (K.Ts., Y.Y., C.Y., N.H., Y.K., M.O., Y.S.), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology (K.Ts., Y.O.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition (K.Ts., Y.Y., C.Y., N.H., Y.K., M.O., Y.S.), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chizumi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition (K.Ts., Y.Y., C.Y., N.H., Y.K., M.O., Y.S.), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition (K.Ts., Y.Y., C.Y., N.H., Y.K., M.O., Y.S.), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition (K.Ts., Y.Y., C.Y., N.H., Y.K., M.O., Y.S.), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahito","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition (K.Ts., Y.Y., C.Y., N.H., Y.K., M.O., Y.S.), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Bessho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (K.B.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Anatomy (M.L., N.A.), Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School for Medical and Dental Sciences, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Amizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Anatomy (M.L., N.A.), Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School for Medical and Dental Sciences, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry (M.S., N.U.), Nagano 399-0781, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Udagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry (M.S., N.U.), Nagano 399-0781, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Oral Science (N.T.), Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition (K.Ta.), Kyoto Women\u2019s University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Oiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology (K.Ts., Y.O.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Seino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition (K.Ts., Y.Y., C.Y., N.H., Y.K., M.O., Y.S.), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;"},{"name":"Kansai Electric Power Hospital (Y.S.), Osaka 553-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071613513520300_R1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Magnitude and 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II. The complete amino acid sequence.","volume":"49","author":"Brown","year":"1971","journal-title":"Can J Biochem"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1139\/y75-032","article-title":"The insulinotropic action of gastric inhibitory polypeptide.","volume":"53","author":"Pederson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7005","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.20.7005","article-title":"Sequence of an intestinal cDNA encoding human gastric inhibitory polypeptide precursor.","volume":"84","author":"Takeda","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-3-6-1014","article-title":"Gastric inhibitory polypeptide: structure and chromosomal localization of the human gene.","volume":"3","author":"Inagaki","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1995.9937","article-title":"Human gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor: cloning of the gene (GIPR) and cDNA.","volume":"29","author":"Yamada","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00405-1","article-title":"Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide is an integrative hormone with osteotropic effects.","volume":"177","author":"Bollag","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14843","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.26.14843","article-title":"Glucose intolerance caused by a defect in the entero-insular axis: a study in gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor knockout mice.","volume":"96","author":"Miyawaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510407","article-title":"Gastric inhibitory polypeptide is the major insulinotropic factor in KATP null mice.","volume":"151","author":"Tsukiyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/nm727","article-title":"Inhibition of gastric inhibitory polypeptide signaling prevents obesity.","volume":"8","author":"Miyawaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105103441904","article-title":"Effect of parathyroid hormone (1\u201334) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.","volume":"344","author":"Neer","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035725","article-title":"The effects of parathyroid hormone, alendronate, or both in men with osteoporosis.","volume":"349","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.5.793","article-title":"Osteoblast programmed cell death (apoptosis): modulation by growth factors and cytokines.","volume":"13","author":"Jilka","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6610","article-title":"Increased bone formation by prevention of osteoblast apoptosis with parathyroid hormone.","volume":"104","author":"Jilka","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071613513520300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50259","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M307444200","article-title":"Proteasomal degradation of Runx2 shortens parathyroid hormone-induced anti-apoptotic signaling in osteoblasts. 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