{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:37:55Z","timestamp":1791319075637,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) is indispensable for steroid hormone synthesis in the adrenal cortex and the gonadal tissues. This study reveals that StAR is also expressed at high levels in nonsteroidogenic cardiac fibroblasts confined to the left ventricle of mouse heart examined 3 days after permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Unlike StAR, CYP11A1 and 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase proteins were not observed in the postinfarction heart, suggesting an apparent lack of de novo cardiac steroidogenesis. Work with primary cultures of rat heart cells revealed that StAR is induced in fibroblasts responding to proapoptotic treatments with hydrogen peroxide or the kinase inhibitor staurosporine (STS). Such induction of StAR in culture was noted before spontaneous differentiation of the fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. STS induction of StAR in the cardiac fibroblasts conferred a marked resistance to apoptotic cell death. Consistent with that finding, down-regulation of StAR by RNA interference proportionally increased the number of STS-treated apoptotic cells. StAR down-regulation also resulted in a marked increase of BAX activation in the mitochondria, an event known to associate with the onset of apoptosis. Last, STS treatment of HeLa cells showed that apoptotic demise characterized by mitochondrial fission, cytochrome c release, and nuclear fragmentation is arrested in individual HeLa cells overexpressing StAR. Collectively, our in vivo and ex vivo evidence suggests that postinfarction expression of nonsteroidogenic StAR in cardiac fibroblasts has novel antiapoptotic activity, allowing myofibroblast precursor cells to survive the traumatized event, probably to differentiate and function in tissue repair at the infarction site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,6]],"date-time":"2013-07-06T00:47:57Z","timestamp":1373071677000},"page":"1502-1517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Infarct-Induced Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein: A Survival Role in Cardiac Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Eli","family":"Anuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry (E.A., N.Y.-O., S.E., B.G., J.O.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Yivgi-Ohana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry (E.A., N.Y.-O., S.E., B.G., J.O.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Eimerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry (E.A., N.Y.-O., S.E., B.G., J.O.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Garfinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry (E.A., N.Y.-O., S.E., B.G., J.O.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Melamed-Book","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Imaging Unit (N.M.-B.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 41904, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Chepurkol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (E.C., D.A., E.H.), Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Aravot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (E.C., D.A., E.H.), Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tova","family":"Zinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences (T.Z., A.S.), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asher","family":"Shainberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences (T.Z., A.S.), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Hochhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (E.C., D.A., E.H.), Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Orly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry (E.A., N.Y.-O., S.E., B.G., J.O.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071613550281800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.9.4883","article-title":"Myocardial production of aldosterone and corticosterone in the rat. Physiological regulation","volume":"273","author":"Silvestre","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B2","first-page":"2519","article-title":"Steroidogenic enzyme gene expression in the human heart","volume":"85","author":"Kayes-Wandover","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5121","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.11.7925","article-title":"Cardiac steroidogenesis in the normal and failing heart","volume":"86","author":"Young","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B4","first-page":"5118","article-title":"Editorial: Cardiac steroidogenesis\u2014new sites of synthesis, or much ado about nothing?","volume":"86","author":"Gomez-Sanchez","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220943","article-title":"Expression and modulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein messenger ribonucleic acid in rat cardiocytes and after myocardial infarction","volume":"144","author":"Casal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.022","article-title":"Aldosterone-synthase overexpression in heart: a tool to explore aldosterone's effects","volume":"217","author":"Heymes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(88)90060-3","article-title":"Detection of corticosteroid type I binding sites in heart","volume":"56","author":"Barnett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(90)90192-Y","article-title":"Purification and characterization of the activated mineralocorticoid receptor from rat myocardium","volume":"1033","author":"Lazar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.48.1.231","article-title":"Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors: biology and clinical relevance","volume":"48","author":"Funder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207","article-title":"Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"348","author":"Pitt","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.06.038","article-title":"Aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptor, and heart failure","volume":"350","author":"Messaoudi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2011.01004.x","article-title":"Targeting the aldosterone pathway in cardiovascular disease","volume":"26","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0013","article-title":"The molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology of human steroidogenesis and its disorders","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7899","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.12.7899","article-title":"Submitochondrial distribution of three key steroidogenic proteins (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and cytochrome p450scc and 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase enzymes) upon stimulation by intracellular calcium in adrenal glomerulosa cells","volume":"272","author":"Cherradi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-123-4-1942","article-title":"Acute stimulation of corpus luteum cells by gonadotrophin or adenosine 3\u2032,5\u2032-monophosphate causes accumulation of a phosphoprotein concurrent with acceleration of steroid synthesis","volume":"123","author":"Pon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0532","article-title":"Multiple signaling pathways regulating steroidogenesis and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression: more complicated than we thought","volume":"19","author":"Stocco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4390","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.10.7085","article-title":"Angiotensin II and cyclic adenosine 3\u2032,5\u2032-monophosphate induce human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein transcription through a common steroidogenic factor-1 element","volume":"140","author":"Clark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7892608","article-title":"Role of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis","volume":"267","author":"Lin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/417087a","article-title":"Rapid regulation of steroidogenesis by mitochondrial protein import","volume":"417","author":"Bose","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.4.571","article-title":"Analysis of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene in Japanese patients with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"6","author":"Nakae","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.13731","article-title":"Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) retains activity in the absence of its mitochondrial import sequence: implications for the mechanism of StAR action","volume":"93","author":"Arakane","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)46930-X","article-title":"The purification, cloning, and expression of a novel luteinizing hormone-induced mitochondrial protein in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Characterization of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)","volume":"269","author":"Clark","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5165","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.11.7588255","article-title":"Steroid production after in vitro transcription, translation, and mitochondrial processing of protein products of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein","volume":"136","author":"King","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.9.6204","article-title":"Effect of truncated forms of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein on intramitochondrial cholesterol transfer","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.03.001","article-title":"Cholesterol transport in steroid biosynthesis: role of protein-protein interactions and implications in disease states","volume":"1791","author":"Rone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0030","article-title":"Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones","volume":"25","author":"Payne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328326cb04","article-title":"Cardiac steroidogenesis and glucocorticoid in the development of cardiac hypertrophy during the progression to heart failure","volume":"27","author":"Ohtani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4793","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1057","article-title":"Cardiac synthesis of aldosterone: going, going, gone\u2026 ?","volume":"145","author":"Funder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0458","article-title":"Turnover of mitochondrial steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein by Lon protease: the unexpected effect of proteasome inhibitors","volume":"21","author":"Granot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007209321969","article-title":"Cardioprotective effects of adenosine A1 and A3 receptor activation during hypoxia in isolated rat cardiac myocytes","volume":"217","author":"Safran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-3-1471","article-title":"Microanalysis of hormone responsive ovarian interstitial gland cells in miniature culture","volume":"124","author":"Bitzur","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.1.5694","article-title":"Spatio-temporal expression patterns of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) during follicular development in the rat ovary","volume":"139","author":"Ronen-Fuhrmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.6.7514996","article-title":"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG18 arrests follicle-stimulating hormone-induced granulosa cell differentiation: use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for multiple messenger ribonucleic acids","volume":"134","author":"Orly","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00007-10","article-title":"The AAA+ ATPase ATAD3A controls mitochondrial dynamics at the interface of the inner and outer membranes","volume":"30","author":"Gilquin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25039","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302930200","article-title":"BCL-2 selectively interacts with the BID-induced open conformer of BAK, inhibiting BAK auto-oligomerization","volume":"278","author":"Ruffolo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2057","article-title":"MTCH2\/MIMP is a major facilitator of tBID recruitment to mitochondria","volume":"12","author":"Zaltsman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20562","article-title":"Acute, nongenomic effect of thyroid hormones in preventing calcium overload in newborn rat cardiocytes","volume":"207","author":"Zinman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0074","article-title":"Proteolysis of normal and mutated steroidogenic acute regulatory proteins in the mitochondria: the fate of unwanted proteins","volume":"17","author":"Granot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.22.2934","article-title":"Signaling pathways in reactive oxygen species-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis","volume":"99","author":"von Harsdorf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00093-8","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell","volume":"404","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2001.1364","article-title":"Time course of the apoptotic cascade and effects of caspase inhibitors in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes","volume":"33","author":"Suzuki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401267","article-title":"Lack of Apaf-1 expression confers resistance to cytochrome c-driven apoptosis in cardiomyocytes","volume":"10","author":"Sanchis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1637","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.4.H1637","article-title":"Important role of energy-dependent mitochondrial pathways in cultured rat cardiac myocyte apoptosis","volume":"281","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34882","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404616200","article-title":"Bcl-2 is a key factor for cardiac fibroblast resistance to programmed cell death","volume":"279","author":"Mayorga","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22280","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in vivo and in vitro: expression of focal adhesion components in neonatal and adult rat ventricular myofibroblasts","volume":"239","author":"Santiago","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070112","article-title":"The myofibroblast: one function, multiple origins","volume":"170","author":"Hinz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.209809","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblast: the renaissance cell","volume":"105","author":"Souders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059108","article-title":"Proapoptotic BAX and BAK: a requisite gateway to mitochondrial dysfunction and death","volume":"292","author":"Wei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2308","article-title":"The BCL-2 protein family: opposing activities that mediate cell death","volume":"9","author":"Youle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.143.1.207","article-title":"Regulated targeting of BAX to mitochondria","volume":"143","author":"Goping","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2005.01.004","article-title":"Detection of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR, in human liver cells","volume":"1733","author":"Hall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5246","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6161","article-title":"Mitochondrial cholesterol contributes to chemotherapy resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"68","author":"Montero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8837","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709221200","article-title":"Steroidogenic activity of StAR requires contact with mitochondrial VDAC1 and phosphate carrier protein","volume":"283","author":"Bose","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.8.3170","article-title":"Isolation of the mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor: association with the voltage-dependent anion channel and the adenine nucleotide carrier","volume":"89","author":"McEnery","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5698","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00165-10","article-title":"Oligomerization of the mitochondrial protein voltage-dependent anion channel is coupled to the induction of apoptosis","volume":"30","author":"Keinan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207781368710","article-title":"Channel-like functions of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO): regulation of apoptosis and steroidogenesis as part of the host-defense response","volume":"13","author":"Veenman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600675","article-title":"Bax forms multispanning monomers that oligomerize to permeabilize membranes during apoptosis","volume":"24","author":"Annis","year":"2005","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.02.004","article-title":"Recent developments in myofibroblast biology: paradigms for connective tissue remodeling","volume":"180","author":"Hinz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm809","article-title":"Myofibroblasts and mechano-regulation of connective tissue remodelling","volume":"3","author":"Tomasek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700613","article-title":"Formation and function of the myofibroblast during tissue repair","volume":"127","author":"Hinz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.07.002","article-title":"Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by defined factors","volume":"142","author":"Ieda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11139","article-title":"Heart repair by reprogramming non-myocytes with cardiac transcription factors","volume":"485","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18284","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608799103","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors mediate ischemic cardiomyopathy in mice","volume":"103","author":"Haudek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1613","article-title":"Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to cardiac fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Zeisberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63598-5","article-title":"Myofibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation during murine myocardial infarct repair","volume":"163","author":"Virag","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.02.093","article-title":"Cholesterol, LDL, and 25-hydroxycholesterol regulate expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in microvascular endothelial cell line (bEnd.3)","volume":"342","author":"Ning","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2020071613550281800_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-007-9623-2","article-title":"Cholesterol efflux and the effect of combined treatment with niacin and chromium on aorta of hyperlipidemic rat","volume":"308","author":"Suren Castillo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"}],"container-title":["Molecular Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mend\/article-pdf\/27\/9\/1502\/8940307\/mend1502.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mend\/article-pdf\/27\/9\/1502\/8940307\/mend1502.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T08:49:09Z","timestamp":1645951749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mend\/article\/27\/9\/1502\/2615186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/me.2013-1006","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718039881.793480658","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0888-8809","1944-9917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0888-8809","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-9917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]}}}