{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:23:02Z","timestamp":1790839382338,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/me.2014-1154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T18:04:26Z","timestamp":1409076266000},"page":"1670-1681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Conditional Knockout of the Androgen Receptor in Gonadotropes Reveals Crucial Roles for Androgen in Gonadotropin Synthesis and Surge in Female Mice"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department (S.W., Y.C., T.F., S.A.D., A.W.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21286;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department (S.W., Y.C., T.F., S.A.D., A.W.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21286;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temi","family":"Fajobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department (S.W., Y.C., T.F., S.A.D., A.W.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21286;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"DiVall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department (S.W., Y.C., T.F., S.A.D., A.W.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21286;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chawnshang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Pathology (S.Y.), University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department (S.W., Y.C., T.F., S.A.D., A.W.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21286;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2019041122241720500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.4.8625898","article-title":"Testosterone is required for gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation of luteinizing hormone-\u03b2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in female rats","volume":"137","author":"Yasin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-831901","article-title":"Regulation of gonadotropins by inhibin and activin","volume":"22","author":"Gregory","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.03.034","article-title":"Mechanisms of FSH synthesis: what we know, what we don't, and why you should care","volume":"93","author":"Bernard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.09.003","article-title":"Hormones in synergy: regulation of the pituitary gonadotropin genes","volume":"314","author":"Thackray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2012-1378","article-title":"Androgen receptor drives transcription of rat PACAP in gonadotrope cells","volume":"27","author":"Grafer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E717","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00263.2013","article-title":"Characterizing the neuroendocrine and ovarian defects of androgen receptor-knockout female mice","volume":"305","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3353727","article-title":"Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome","volume":"240","author":"Lubahn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.10.018","article-title":"Molecular biology of the androgen receptor","volume":"20","author":"Gelmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-4-17","article-title":"Contributions of androgen and estrogen to fetal programming of ovarian dysfunction","volume":"4","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11209","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404372101","article-title":"Subfertility and defective folliculogenesis in female mice lacking androgen receptor","volume":"101","author":"Hu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506736102","article-title":"Premature ovarian failure in androgen receptor-deficient mice","volume":"103","author":"Shiina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0248","article-title":"Female mice haploinsufficient for an inactivated androgen receptor (AR) exhibit age-dependent defects that resemble the AR null phenotype of dysfunctional late follicle development, ovulation, and fertility","volume":"148","author":"Walters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0006","article-title":"Granulosa cell-specific androgen receptors are critical regulators of ovarian development and function","volume":"24","author":"Sen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3274","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1750","article-title":"Subfertile female androgen receptor knockout mice exhibit defects in neuroendocrine signaling, intraovarian function, and uterine development but not uterine function","volume":"150","author":"Walters","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.035196","article-title":"Testosterone stimulates follicle-stimulating hormone \u03b2 transcription via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase: evidence in rat pituitary cells","volume":"72","author":"Haisenleder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-4-11-1620","article-title":"Androgens positively regulate follicle-stimulating hormone \u03b2-subunit mRNA levels in rat pituitary cells","volume":"4","author":"Gharib","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1320039","article-title":"Gonadal steroids effect similar regulation of gonadotrophin subunit mRNA expression in both male and female rats","volume":"132","author":"Dalkin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B18","first-page":"726","article-title":"Effects of testosterone on gonadotropin subunit messenger ribonucleic acids in the presence or absence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone","volume":"130","author":"Winters","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0316","article-title":"Androgens, progestins, and glucocorticoids induce follicle-stimulating hormone \u03b2-subunit gene expression at the level of the gonadotrope","volume":"20","author":"Thackray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B20","first-page":"1906","article-title":"Androgen suppression of GnRH-stimulated rat LH\u03b2 gene transcription occurs through Sp1 sites in the distal GnRH-responsive promoter region","volume":"15","author":"Curtin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B21","first-page":"1505","article-title":"AR suppresses transcription of the LH\u03b2 subunit by interacting with steroidogenic factor-1","volume":"15","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.212474399","article-title":"Generation and characterization of androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice: an in vivo model for the study of androgen functions in selective tissues","volume":"99","author":"Yeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.06.010","article-title":"Rescue of obesity-induced infertility in female mice due to a pituitary-specific knockout of the insulin receptor","volume":"12","author":"Brothers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2974-10.2011","article-title":"Jak2 is necessary for neuroendocrine control of female reproduction","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1514","article-title":"Obesity induced infertility and hyperandrogenism are corrected by deletion of the insulin receptor in the ovarian theca cell","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0956","article-title":"Reproductive tissues maintain insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B27","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Localization of androgen and estrogen receptors in rat and primate tissues","volume":"15","author":"Pelletier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.02.012","article-title":"Cells of the anterior pituitary","volume":"38","author":"Yeung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod48.3.669","article-title":"Correlations among three measures of puberty in mice and relationships with estradiol concentration and ovulation","volume":"48","author":"Safranski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-3-1682","article-title":"Evidence for an autocrine role of activin B within rat anterior pituitary cultures","volume":"128","author":"Corrigan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B31","first-page":"1741","article-title":"Passive immunoneutralization with a monoclonal antibody reveals a role for endogenous activin-B in mediating FSH hypersecretion during estrus and following ovariectomy of hypophysectomized, pituitary-grafted rats","volume":"130","author":"DePaolo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.057877","article-title":"Anterior pituitary gene expression with reproductive aging in the female rat","volume":"76","author":"Zheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1833","article-title":"Unsaturated fatty acids disrupt Smad signaling in gonadotrope cells leading to inhibition of FSH\u03b2 gene expression","volume":"155","author":"Garrel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06268","article-title":"Changes in alpha-estradiol receptor and progesterone receptor expression in the locus coeruleus and preoptic area throughout the rat estrous cycle","volume":"188","author":"Helena","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.01067","article-title":"Testosterone antagonist (flutamide) blocks ovulation and preovulatory surges of progesterone, luteinizing hormone and oestradiol in laying hens","volume":"131","author":"Rangel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.2527\/1994.72112930x","article-title":"Administration of testosterone during the follicular phase increased the number of corpora lutea in gilts","volume":"72","author":"C\u00e1rdenas","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1130027","article-title":"Effect of androgens on the development of mouse follicles growing in vitro","volume":"113","author":"Murray","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-169-41334","article-title":"Serum testosterone concentrations during the 4-day estrous cycle in normal and adrenalectomized rats","volume":"169","author":"Rush","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod34.2.293","article-title":"Androgen receptors in brain and pituitary of female rats: cyclic changes and comparisons with the male","volume":"34","author":"Handa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0115","article-title":"Androgen regulates follicle-stimulating hormone \u03b2 gene expression in an activin-dependent manner in immortalized gonadotropes","volume":"18","author":"Spady","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E277","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00447.2006","article-title":"The regulation of FSH\u03b2 transcription by gonadal steroids: testosterone and estradiol modulation of the activin intracellular signaling pathway","volume":"293","author":"Burger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1498","article-title":"Synergistic induction of follicle-stimulating hormone \u03b2-subunit gene expression by gonadal steroid hormone receptors and Smad proteins","volume":"149","author":"Thackray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.4.6780","article-title":"Is gonadotrope expression of the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor gene mediated by autocrine\/paracrine stimulation of an activin response element?","volume":"140","author":"Duval","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B44","first-page":"1807","article-title":"The proximal promoter of the bovine luteinizing hormone \u03b2-subunit gene confers gonadotrope-specific expression and regulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone, testosterone, and 17\u03b2-estradiol in transgenic mice","volume":"8","author":"Keri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03788.x","article-title":"Inhibin, activin, and follistatin in human fetal pituitary and gonadal physiology","volume":"943","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0047","article-title":"Activin regulates luteinizing hormone \u03b2-subunit gene expression through Smad-binding and homeobox elements","volume":"19","author":"Coss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4731(85)80004-2","article-title":"Gonadotrophin releasing hormone receptor regulation in relationship to gonadotrophin secretion","volume":"23","author":"Clayton","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"key":"2019041122241720500_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-107-4-1144","article-title":"Characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in cultured rat pituitary cells","volume":"107","author":"Naor","year":"1980","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Molecular Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mend\/article-pdf\/28\/10\/1670\/8903277\/mend1670.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T16:54:48Z","timestamp":1555088088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mend\/article\/28\/10\/1670\/2623236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/me.2014-1154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0888-8809","1944-9917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0888-8809","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-9917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]}}}