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The 2 cases presented describe the inherent caveats of interpreting HbA1c without performing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The first case reflects the risk of overdiagnosing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in an older African American male in whom HbA1c levels, although variable, were primarily in the mid-prediabetes range (5.7-6.4% [39-46 mmol\/mol]) for many years although the initial OGTT demonstrated borderline impaired fasting glucose with a fasting plasma glucose of 102 mg\/dL [5.7 mmol\/L]) without evidence for impaired glucose tolerance (2-hour glucose \u2265140-199 mg\/dl ([7.8-11.1 mmol\/L]). Because subsequent HbA1c levels were diagnostic of T2D (6.5%-6.6% [48-49 mmol\/mol]), a second OGTT performed was normal. The second case illustrates the risk of underdiagnosing T2D in a male with HIV having normal HbA1c levels over many years who underwent an OGTT when mild prediabetes (HbA1c\u2005=\u20055.7% [39 mmol\/mol]) developed that was diagnostic of T2D. To avoid inadvertent mistreatment, it is therefore essential to perform an OGTT, despite its limitations, in high-risk individuals, particularly when glucose or fructosamine and HbA1c values are discordant. Innate differences in the relationship between fructosamine or fasting glucose to HbA1c are demonstrated by the glycation gap or hemoglobin glycation index.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T20:51:25Z","timestamp":1591908685000},"page":"2803-2811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Pitfalls of HbA1c in the Diagnosis of Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2589-2976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Bergman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU School of Medicine, Director, NYU Diabetes Prevention Program, Section Chief, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, New York"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Abdul-Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8173-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o S\u00e9rgio","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0662-1831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana P","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7229-9679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Luiz","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto University, Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Dorcely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, New York, New York"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Buysschaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, University Clinic Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020083110323277200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.09.017","article-title":"Petition to replace current OGTT criteria for diagnosing prediabetes with the 1-hour post-load plasma glucose \u2265155\u202fmg\/dl (8.6\u202fmmol\/L)","volume":"146","author":"Bergman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"issue":"7","key":"2020083110323277200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-1711","article-title":"Risk of progression to type 2 diabetes based on relationship between postload plasma glucose and fasting plasma glucose","volume":"29","author":"Abdul-Ghani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020083110323277200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-9028","article-title":"Banting Lecture. 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