{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:48:02Z","timestamp":1763142482735,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1062\/Kero"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1062\/Kero"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010621","name":"Pediatric Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["190001","210212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["190001","210212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009094","name":"Turku University Hospital Special Governmental Funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13527","210212","13420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13527","210212","13420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009094","name":"TYKS foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022793","name":"Turku University Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Alma and K.A. Snellmann Foundation"},{"name":"JDFR International; Kyllikki and Uolevi Lehikoinen\u2019s Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005744","name":"Foundation for Pediatric Research, and Finnish Cultural Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoimmune destruction of \u03b2 cells and their functional decline precedes the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. However, altered \u03b1-cell function and hyperglucagonemia may contribute to the development of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis at onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed glucagon concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals at the early stages of type 1 diabetes to understand the role of \u03b1-cell function in the disease process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 47 participants, aged 4 to 25 years, from the Finnish Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study, and categorized them into the following groups: islet autoantibody (IAb) negative, single IAb positive, and stages 1 to 3 of type 1 diabetes. Glucagon levels were measured during a 6-point OGTT using a conventional radioimmunoassay, alongside insulin, C-peptide, glucose, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fasting plasma glucagon levels increased with disease progression. The longitudinal patterns of glucagon concentrations during the OGTT differed significantly between groups, with a paradoxical 15-minute glucagon increase observed only in individuals at early stage 3 of type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the need for prospective studies to further elucidate the role of \u03b1 cells in disease progression and support testing pharmacotherapies aimed at improving both \u03b1- and \u03b2-cell functions during disease development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:18:15Z","timestamp":1761743895000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Altered Glucagon Response to Oral Glucose in Individuals at Different Stages of Type 1 Diabetes Development"],"prefix":"10.1210","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0781-6286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Kontola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital , Turku FIN-20500 ,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9563-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cris\u00f3stomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku , Turku FIN-20500 ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"InFlames Research Flagship, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Turku FIN-20500 ,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7278-6511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliisa","family":"L\u00f6yttyniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital , Turku FIN-20500 ,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9348-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaakko J","family":"Koskenniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital , Turku FIN-20500 ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL 33512 ,","place":["USA"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6557-270X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riitta","family":"Veijola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu FIN-90220 ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu , Oulu FIN-90220 ,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2228-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorma","family":"Toppari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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