{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T04:11:39Z","timestamp":1730434299675,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]],"date-time":"2000-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":954547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chronic cocaine infusion on urine cocaine, ecgonine methylester and benzoylecgonine concentrations to establish if they varied with dose and duration of cocaine administration.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Male rats were continuously infused with cocaine at either 6 or 18 mg kg\u22121 daily for 13 days. Three urine samples taken over the course of the infusion period showed that cocaine, ecgonine methylester and benzoylecgonine concentrations varied with the dose administered and the duration of administration. Cocaine, ecgonine methylester and benzoylecgonine concentrations were 2\u20133 times greater in the high-dose group than the low-dose group at each sampling time point. These decreased, respectively, from 7.0 \u00b1 1.1, 26.7 \u00b1 4.5 and 29.5 \u00b1 5.4 \u03bcg mL\u22121 to 2.5 \u00b1 0.5, 10.5 \u00b1 1.8 and 11.8 \u00b1 1.5 \u03bcg mL\u22121 in the high-dose group and from 1.0 \u00b1 0.2, 7.8 \u00b1 1.5 and 6.3 \u00b1 0.1 \u03bcg mL\u22121 to 0.5 \u00b1 0.1, 4.0 \u00b1 0.6 and 3.1 \u00b1 0.4 \u03bcg mL\u22121 in the low-dose group (P &amp;lt; 0.05) over the infusion period. We also studied the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile of an intravenous bolus dose of 2.5 mg kg\u22121 cocaine hydrochloride after a similar cocaine infusion in rats. Cocaine pharmacokinetics and the profile of ecgonine methylester, benzoylecgonine and norcocaine were no different from rats chronically infused with saline for the same period. Altered cocaine metabolism could not explain the effect of the duration of cocaine infusion on altered metabolite concentrations in urine. Ecgonine methylester\/benzoylecgonine urine concentration ratios did not alter with duration of infusion (1.2 \u00b1 0.2 and 1.1 \u00b1 0.2 in the high-dose group at the first and last time point) and were not affected by the dose of cocaine (1.3 \u00b1 0.6 and 1.2 \u00b1 0.1 at corresponding times in the low-dose group (P &amp;gt; 0.05)).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>We conclude that chronic cocaine infusion does not alter cocaine metabolism. This was not reflected by absolute cocaine metabolite urine concentrations, which varied with time, but was represented by urine ecgonine methyl ester\/benzoylecgonine concentration ratios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001774138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,18]],"date-time":"2003-07-18T23:43:52Z","timestamp":1058571832000},"page":"389-395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chronic Continuous Cocaine Infusion in Rats: Effect on Urine Cocaine, Ecgonine Methylester and Benzoylecgonine Concentrations and Bolus-dose Cocaine Pharmacokinetics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Mets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York 10032,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Soo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York 10032,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York 10032,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Pantuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York 10032,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I A","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","article-title":"A new look at statistical model identification. I. IEEE Trans","volume":"19","author":"Akaike","year":"1974","journal-title":"Automatic Control"},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01061504","article-title":"Statistical estimations in pharmacokinetics","volume":"2","author":"Boxenbaum","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit3","first-page":"965","article-title":"Tissue distribution of cocaine methyl esterase and ethyl transferase activities: correlation with carboxylesterase protein","volume":"275","author":"Dean","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit4","first-page":"298","article-title":"Kidney vascular damage and cocaine","volume":"47","author":"Di Paolo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit5","first-page":"187","article-title":"Calculating model parameters from curve-fitting equations","volume-title":"Pharmacokinetics for Anaesthesia","author":"Hull","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600781208","article-title":"Mass spectrometric studies of cocaine disposition in animals and humans using stable isotope-labeled analogues","volume":"78","author":"Jindal","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit7","first-page":"221","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of cocaine: considerations when assessing cocaine use by urinalysis","volume":"175","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"NIDA Res. Monogr."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456315","article-title":"Antibody-catalyzed degradation of cocaine","volume":"259","author":"Landry","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(84)90215-9","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro studies on cocaine metabolism: ecgonine methyl ester as a major metabolite of cocaine","volume":"26","author":"Matsubara","year":"1984","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1997.8188","article-title":"Therapeutic use of butryl-cholinesterase for cocaine intoxication","volume":"145","author":"Mattes","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit11","first-page":"1033","article-title":"Lethal toxicity from equimolar infusions of cocaine and cocaine metabolites in conscious and anesthetized rats","volume":"81","author":"Mets","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10176","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10176","article-title":"A catalytic antibody against cocaine prevents cocaine's reinforcing and toxic effects in rats","volume":"95","author":"Mets","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991772970","article-title":"Influence of infused catecholamines on the pharmacokinetics of cocaine and benzoylecgonine formation after bolus dose or continuous cocaine administration in the rat","volume":"51","author":"Mets","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3109\/00498257909038720","article-title":"Metabolism of norcocaine, N-hydroxy norcocaine and cocaine-N-oxide in the rat","volume":"9","author":"Misra","year":"1979","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit15","first-page":"556","article-title":"Physiological disposition and biotransformation of [3H]cocaine in acutely and chronically treated rats","volume":"196","author":"Nayak","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb11425.x","article-title":"Differences in the pharmacokinetics of cocaine in naive and cocaine-experienced rats","volume":"56","author":"Pan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90705-6","article-title":"Disposition of cocaine in blood and brain after a single pretreatment","volume":"651","author":"Pettit","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04562.x","article-title":"Extracellular concentrations of cocaine and dopamine are enhanced during chronic cocaine administration","volume":"55","author":"Pettit","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000028271","article-title":"Subacute cocaine treatment changes expression of mouse liver cytochrome P450 isoforms","volume":"58","author":"Powers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit20","first-page":"253","article-title":"Use of quantitative urinalysis in monitoring cocaine use","volume":"175","author":"Preston","year":"1997","journal-title":"NIDA Res. Monogr."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit21","first-page":"1234","article-title":"Maternal and fetal brain and plasma levels of cocaine and benzoylecgonine after acute or chronic maternal intravenous administration of cocaine","volume":"271","author":"Robinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit22","first-page":"390","article-title":"Invitrohepatic biotransformation of cocaine in maternal and fetal guinea pigs. Induction of cocaine N-demethylation with cocaine pretreatment","volume":"21","author":"Sandberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos. Biol. Fate Chem."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","article-title":"Estimating the dimensions of a model","volume":"6","author":"Schwarz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. Statistics"},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1021\/ac981060e","article-title":"A validated stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for the trace analysis of cocaine and its major metabolites in plasma","volume":"71","author":"Singh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(95)00525-0","article-title":"Determination of cocaine, norcocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methylester in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection","volume":"681","author":"Virag","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr."},{"key":"2024103110050885400_cit26","first-page":"28","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and time action profile of cocaine in dogs","volume":"108","author":"Wilkerson","year":"1991","journal-title":"NIDA Res. Monogr."}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1211%2F0022357001774138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/52\/4\/389\/60263183\/0022357001774138.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/52\/4\/389\/60263183\/0022357001774138.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T10:41:52Z","timestamp":1730371312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article\/52\/4\/389\/6157539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1211\/0022357001774138","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3573","2042-7158"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-3573"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2042-7158"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]}}}