{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T22:06:38Z","timestamp":1766268398025,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]],"date-time":"2001-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":996624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Based on the assumption that the delivery of ellagic acid to its site of action would show an antiinflammatory activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we have prepared microspheres using a new pH-sensitive polymer, Eudragit P-4135F (P-4135F), to deliver ellagic acid to the lower small intestine in rats. The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean diameters were approximately 100\u2013150 \u03bcm. The amount of ellagic acid released from the microspheres decreased by increasing the formulated amount of P-4135F. The release characteristics of ellagic acid were pH-dependent. By considering the factors loading efficiency and microsphere particle size distribution, ellagic acid-2 microspheres (P-4135F\/ellagic acid = 1.65) were selected for further investigation. In a dissolution study, more than 95% ellagic acid was released within 0.5 h in pH 7.4 and 8.0 buffers. The release percent of ellagic acid was less than 40% in pH 6.8 and 7.0 and was less than 10% in pH 5.6 and 5.9. To observe the dissolution sites of the microspheres in the rat small intestine fluorescein was formulated in the microspheres as a tracer drug along with ellagic acid (50 mg kg\u22121). After intraduodenal administration of fluorescein-labelled microspheres to rats, the plasma fluorescein level started to increase at 0.5 h, by which time the microspheres had reached the middle part of the ileum. Microspheres started to dissolve within 1.0 h and the peak plasma fluorescein concentration was observed at 3.0 h, when the majority of the administered microspheres were dissolved in the terminal ileum. These results suggested that P-4135F microspheres could deliver ellagic acid to the lower part of the small intestine, and that the released ellagic acid would be distributed into the caecum and the ascending colon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357011776469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,3]],"date-time":"2002-10-03T22:22:55Z","timestamp":1033683775000},"page":"1079-1085","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Application of Eudragit P-4135F for the delivery of ellagic acid to the rat lower small intestine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Young-Il","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rama Prasad","family":"Yv\u0304","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukako","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuhito","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanji","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103110055206900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90599-5","article-title":"Experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"109","author":"Elson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024103110055206900_cit2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Colonic transit and drug delivery","volume-title":"Drug Delivery to the Gastrointestinal Tract","author":"Hardy","year":"1989"},{"key":"2024103110055206900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3109\/10611869909085505","article-title":"Characterization of norfloxacine release from tablet coated with a new pH-sensitive polymer, P-4135F","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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