{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T08:45:00Z","timestamp":1759826700663,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We have investigated the influences of the light\u2013dark cycle and the pineal gland on the hypnotic activity of melatonin in rats and mice. The results showed that melatonin significantly shortened time to sleep onset and wakefulness time, increased slow wave sleep, paradoxical sleep, and total sleep time in rats during the light phase of a 12-h light: 12-h dark cycle, by electroencephalogram recording. However, during the dark phase it had almost no significant sleep-promoting effect except shortened time to sleep onset. Melatonin exhibited more potent sleep-promoting effect in rats exposed to constant light compared with rats exposed to 12:12-h light:dark at 2000 h. Melatonin markedly prolonged sleeping time in the mice exposed to constant illumination. It was found that pinealectomy was an important factor that influenced the hypnotic activity of melatonin. When melatonin was administered to pinealectomized mice, the hypnotic activity of melatonin was more intense compared with sham-operated mice. These results demonstrated that the hypnotic activity of melatonin displayed a light-dependence manner. These results suggested that light exposure and the functional state of the pineal gland could substantially impact the hypnotic activity of melatonin at pharmacological dosage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357021729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,30]],"date-time":"2003-09-30T20:52:54Z","timestamp":1064955174000},"page":"1307-1312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Influences of a light\u2013dark profile and the pineal gland on the hypnotic activity of melatonin in mice and rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016,","place":["P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing Cai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016,","place":["P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun Fu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016,","place":["P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016,","place":["P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruo Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016,","place":["P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui Fang","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016,","place":["P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103109393761900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(84)90245-3","article-title":"The effects of chronic, small doses of melatonin given in the late afternoon on fatigue in man: A preliminary study","volume":"45","author":"Arendt","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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