{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:33:59Z","timestamp":1759530839024,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study was carried out to elucidate whether the protective activity of (\u2013)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (ECg) against excessive peroxynitrite (ONOO\u2212) production, is distinct from the activity of several well-known free radical inhibitors, the ONOO\u2212 inhibitors ebselen and uric acid, the superoxide anion (O2\u2212) scavenger copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and the selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine hydrochloride (l-NIL). To generate ONOO\u2212, male Wistar rats (n = 6\/group) were subjected to ischaemia\u2013reperfusion process together with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Although ECg did not scavenge the ONOO\u2212 precursors nitric oxide (NO) and O2\u2212, it reduced the 3-nitrotyrosine level, a property similar to that of uric acid, but distinct from l-NIL. In addition, the elevation in myeloperoxidase activity was reversed by the administration of ECg, uric acid and SOD, but not by that of l-NIL. Furthermore, ECg was the more potent scavenger of the ONOO\u2212 decomposition product, the hydroxyl radical (\u00b7OH), than any other free radical inhibitor tested. The LPS plus ischaemia\u2013reperfusion process resulted in renal dysfunction, estimated by measuring the parameters of renal function \u2013 serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. However, administration of ECg ameliorated renal dysfunction more than that of the other free radical inhibitors. Moreover, ECg reduced the excessive uric acid level, while the others did not, suggesting a property of ECg distinct from the others. Furthermore, proteinuria, which was demonstrated by the low- and high-molecular weight (LMW and HMW) protein bands of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern, caused by LPS plus ischaemia\u2013reperfusion, was attenuated by administration of ECg and l-NIL, after which the HMW band intensities decreased and LMW protein bands were absent. This study indicates that, in an in-vivo model of ONOO\u2212 generation, ECg, l-NIL and uric acid exert stronger protective activity against ONOO\u2212-induced oxidative damage than SOD and ebselen, and that the mechanism whereby ECg protects against ONOO\u2212 is distinct from that of l-NIL or uric acid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357022601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,18]],"date-time":"2004-02-18T23:03:31Z","timestamp":1077145411000},"page":"231-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["(\u2013)-Epicatechin 3-<i>O<\/i>-gallate ameliorates the damages related to peroxynitrite production by mechanisms distinct from those of other free radical inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Takako","family":"Yokozawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930\u20130194,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Young","family":"Rhyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930\u20130194,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Ju","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930\u20130194,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103109405834300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01498-2","article-title":"Protection against peroxynitrite by cocoa polyphenol oligomers","volume":"462","author":"Arteel","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"2024103109405834300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90024-D","article-title":"The influence of ebselen on the toxicity of cisplatin in LLC-PK1 cells","volume":"44","author":"Baldew","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem. 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